Combined evaluation of multi-biomarkers and metal bioaccumulations in two different fish species (Sparus aurata and Chelon labrosus) from Izmir Bay, Turkiye (Aegean Sea): Spatial, temporal and tissue-specific approaches

Biomarkers were investigated to assess the effects of metal accumulation in Sparus aurata and Chelon labrosus in the Izmir Bay. Fish were collected from the Inner and Outer Bays in November 2020 and May 2021. According to the metal and biomarker measurements found in the organs, it was observed that the levels were higher in the liver and gill tissues than in the muscle tissues. Significant differences between tissues were found for all metals and biomarkers. In addition, biochemical biomarkers were found to be significant predictors of metal bio-accumulation. Histological changes were observed in liver and gills in each species and location. Although the metal levels determined according to the health risk assessment were below the threshold limits, the As levels for the lifetime cancer risk were within the limits to be considered. In conclusion, this study will provide robust results for its related study area.

Automated summary

This study investigated the effects of metal accumulation in Sparus aurata and Chelon labrosus in the Izmir Bay using biomarkers. The results showed higher levels of metals and biomarkers in the liver and gill tissues compared to muscle tissues. Biochemical biomarkers were found to be significant predictors of metal bio-accumulation, and histological changes were observed in the liver and gills.