Brown adipose tissue-derived metabolites and their role in regulating metabolism

The discovery and rejuvenation of metabolically active brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans have offered a new approach to treat obesity and metabolic diseases. Beyond its accomplished role in adaptive thermogenesis, BAT secretes signaling molecules known as batokines, which are instrumental in regulating whole-body metabolism via autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine action. In addition to the intrinsic BAT metaboliteoxidizing activity, the endocrine functions of these molecules may help to explain the association between BAT activity and a healthy systemic metabolic profile. Herein, we review the evidence that underscores the significance of BAT-derived metabolites, especially highlighting their role in controlling physiological and metabolic processes involving thermogenesis, substrate metabolism, and other essential biological processes. The conversation extends to their capacity to enhance energy expenditure and mitigate features of obesity and its related metabolic complications. Thus, metabolites derived from BAT may provide new avenues for the discovery of metabolic health-promoting drugs with far-reaching impacts. This review aims to dissect the complexities of the secretory role of BAT in modulating local and systemic metabolism in metabolic health and disease.

Automated summary

The discovery and revival of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans have opened up new possibilities for treating obesity and metabolic diseases. BAT not only plays a role in generating heat, but also secretes signaling molecules known as batokines, which regulate overall metabolism. This review highlights the importance of BAT-derived metabolites in controlling thermogenesis, substrate metabolism, and other biological processes, as well as their potential to alleviate obesity and related metabolic complications.