Mimicking the Human Articular Joint with In Vitro Model of Neurons-Synoviocytes Co-Culture

The development of in vitro models is essential in modern science due to the need for experiments using human material and the reduction in the number of laboratory animals. The complexity of the interactions that occur in living organisms requires improvements in the monolayer cultures. In the work presented here, neuroepithelial stem (NES) cells were differentiated into peripheral-like neurons (PLN) and the phenotype of the cells was confirmed at the genetic and protein levels. Then RNA-seq method was used to investigate how stimulation with pro-inflammatory factors such as LPS and IFN gamma affects the expression of genes involved in the immune response in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (HFLS). HFLS were then cultured on semi-permeable membrane inserts, and after 24 hours of pro-inflammatory stimulation, the levels of cytokines secretion into the medium were checked. Inserts with stimulated HFLS were introduced into the PLN culture, and by measuring secreted ATP, an increase in cell activity was found in the system. The method used mimics the condition that occurs in the joint during inflammation, as observed in the development of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or osteoarthritis (OA). In addition, the system used can be easily modified to simulate the interaction of peripheral neurons with other cell types.

Automated summary

The development of in vitro models is crucial for experiments using human material and reducing the need for laboratory animals. This study differentiated neuroepithelial stem cells into peripheral-like neurons and confirmed their phenotype at the genetic and protein levels. Pro-inflammatory factors were used to stimulate human fibroblast-like synoviocytes and measure the expression of genes involved in the immune response. The stimulated synoviocytes were then combined with the peripheral-like neurons, resulting in increased cell activity.