High-resolution omics of vascular ageing and inflammatory pathways in neurodegeneration

High-resolution omics, particularly single-cell and spatial transcriptomic profiling, are rapidly enhancing our comprehension of the normal molecular diversity of gliovascular cells, as well as their age-related changes that contribute to neurodegeneration. With more omic profiling studies being conducted, it is becoming increasingly essential to synthesise valuable information from the rapidly accumulating findings. In this review, we present an overview of the molecular features of neurovascular and glial cells that have been recently discovered through omic profiling, with a focus on those that have potentially significant functional implications and/or show crossspecies differences between human and mouse, and that are linked to vascular deficits and inflammatory pathways in ageing and neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, we highlight the translational applications of omic profiling, and discuss omic-based strategies to accelerate biomarker discovery and facilitate disease coursemodifying therapeutics development for neurodegenerative conditions.

Automated summary

High-resolution omics techniques, such as single-cell and spatial transcriptomic profiling, are providing valuable insights into the molecular diversity and age-related changes of gliovascular cells in neurodegenerative disorders. Integrating the rapidly accumulating findings of omic profiling studies can reveal important molecular features associated with vascular deficits and inflammatory pathways, and accelerate biomarker discovery and therapeutic development for neurodegenerative conditions.