☆ 4.5 Review

Forensic experiments on animal scavenging: A systematic literature review on what we have and what we need

FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL (2023)

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Article Medicine, Legal

Next generation forensic taphonomy: Automation for experimental, field-based research

D. A. Finaughty et al.

Summary: Determining the post-mortem interval (PMI) is a critical goal in forensic casework. The discipline of forensic taphonomy has made significant progress in the past 40 years, but still faces challenges such as standardization of experimental design, quantitative measures of decay, and high-resolution data.

FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL (2023)

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Review Medicine, Legal

Bridging the gap between decomposition theory and forensic research on postmortem interval

Blake M. Dawson et al.

Summary: Knowledge of the decomposition of vertebrate animals has advanced considerably in recent years, but has not been fully incorporated into research or models of the postmortem interval (PMI). We propose using recent advances in decomposition theory to guide forensic research and understanding of the PMI. To improve in this area, a conceptual framework is introduced that highlights the multiple interdependencies affecting decay rates and calls for a multidisciplinary approach and an adaptive research cycle.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE (2023)

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Article Medicine, Legal

Bone finds and their medicolegal examination: a study from Hesse, Germany

T. E. N. Ohlwaerther et al.

Summary: Bones found by chance can have important criminal or historical significance. The assessment of their value depends on the specific circumstances, local legislation and available resources. This study aimed to provide an overview of bone finds in the state of Hesse, Germany by evaluating their circumstances, nature, and expert opinions. The retrospective evaluation included bone finds examined from 2011 to 2020 at the Institutes of Legal Medicine in Giessen and Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

FORENSIC SCIENCE MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY (2023)

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Article Medicine, Legal

Preliminary study of gull (Laridae) scavenging and dispersal of vertebrate remains, Shoals Marine Laboratory, Coastal New England

James T. Pokines

Summary: This study investigates the taphonomic effects of shore bird species on forensic scenes, specifically gulls. The study finds that gulls have the potential to be significant dispersers of human skeletal remains, with dispersal distances ranging from a few meters to several kilometers.

JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES (2022)

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Article Medicine, Legal

The taphonomic impact of scavenger guilds in southern Quebec during summer and fall in two distinct habitats

Karelle Seguin et al.

Summary: The decomposition of human remains is a complex process affected by various factors, including scavenger activity. This study in southern Quebec aimed to determine the scavenger guilds impacting decomposition, finding that vertebrate scavengers were more intense in grassland habitats while invertebrate scavengers were more active in forest habitats. Certain scavengers were identified to have a greater taphonomic impact on remains, emphasizing the importance of considering scavenger behavior when searching for human remains.

JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES (2022)

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Article Medicine, Legal

Identifying forensically relevant urban scavengers in Johannesburg, South Africa

Craig Adam Keyes et al.

Summary: This study aimed to identify scavenging animals in urban environments in Johannesburg, South Africa, and describe their behaviors and bone modifications. It was found that slender mongooses were the most common scavengers, scattering remains up to a certain distance. Hadeda ibis preferred parasitic insects and created large holes in the skin.

SCIENCE & JUSTICE (2022)

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Review Biology

Uncovering Forensic Taphonomic Agents: Animal Scavenging in the European Context

Lara Indra et al.

Summary: In forensic cases of exposed human bodies, vertebrate animals pose challenges in recovering remains and interpreting circumstances of death. This review focuses on the forensic relevance of vertebrate scavengers in Europe, providing information on their behavior, inflicted lesions, and ecological backgrounds. The study aims to support forensic practitioners in recognizing animal activity and interpreting the effects on human remains. Scattered research on animal scavenging underscores the importance of this study, which offers insights into the European context.

BIOLOGY-BASEL (2022)

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Article Medicine, Legal

Seasonal impact of scavenger guilds as taphonomic agents in central and northern Ontario, Canada

Shari L. Forbes et al.

Summary: The study examines the impact of vertebrate scavengers on the decomposition of bodies in central and northern Ontario, Canada. It identifies the most prevalent vertebrate scavengers and their feeding behavior, highlighting the importance of considering these agents during the search and recovery of human remains.

JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES (2022)

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Article Medicine, Legal

Scavenger activity in a peri-urban agricultural setting in the Highveld of South Africa

Craig A. Keyes et al.

Summary: This study identified scavenging animals, described their scattering patterns, and assessed the damage they cause to bones in the peri-urban agricultural Highveld of South Africa. The primary scavengers were black-backed jackals, with other species like mongooses, Cape porcupines, and honey badgers also active. The scattering patterns and bone damage caused by these scavengers can aid in the recovery and analysis of remains in similar areas.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science

Smart carnivores think twice: Red fox delays scavenging on conspecific carcasses to reduce parasite risk

Moises Gonzalvez et al.

Summary: The study explored the strategies of mammalian carnivores in avoiding trophically transmitted parasites, finding that red foxes exhibit delayed consumption behavior when faced with conspecific and heterospecific carnivore carcasses, challenging the assumption that cannibalism is a major transmission route for meat-borne parasites.

APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Medicine, Legal

Animal scavenging on pig cadavers in the Lowveld of South Africa

C. A. Keyes et al.

Summary: This study investigated scavenging animals in the rural Lowveld of South Africa by placing pig cadavers and observing their scattering pattern and bite marks. Vultures were the primary scavengers, with other animals like marabou stork, mongoose, genet, civet, warthog, and honey badger also actively participating. The results showed that scavenging behavior differed between summer and winter, with vultures cleaning bones thoroughly with minimal markings.

FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL (2021)

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Editorial Material Medicine, Legal

Bone dispersal by vertebrate taxa in an urban park environment in New England, USA

James T. Pokines et al.

Summary: This study investigated the dispersal behavior of dry bones in a forested urban environment populated by various scavenging taxa. Game cameras were used to document the behavior, revealing that bones were dispersed in small amounts with the majority of movements within 1-5 cm range. Rodents were found to have gnawed on 72.7% of the bone sample, indicating their significant impact on bone dispersal.

FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Comparative Decomposition of Humans and Pigs: Soil Biogeochemistry, Microbial Activity and Metabolomic Profiles

Jennifer M. DeBruyn et al.

Summary: Research has shown that human and pig decomposition differ in their impacts on soil biogeochemistry and microbial activities. By conducting two seasonal trials, it was observed that both human and pig decomposition led to elevated levels of microbial respiration, protease activity, and ammonium in the soil, indicating enhanced microbial activity during decomposition. Soil respiration remained comparable between seasons, but the magnitude of decomposition products was greater in the summer.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Medicine, Legal

Patterns of striped skunk scavenging on human remains

Alexander Smith

Summary: Scavenging behavior of striped skunks on human remains was observed and documented at the Forensic Investigation Research Station in Colorado. The skunks mainly targeted soft tissues of arms, legs, genitals, and torso, with seasonal variations in scavenging patterns. Understanding specific scavenger behaviors can help investigators interpret defects found on and around human remains accurately.

JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES (2021)

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Review Surgery

The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews

Matthew J. Page et al.

Summary: The PRISMA 2020 statement, an updated version of the 2009 statement, includes new reporting guidance that reflects advances in research methods. This article introduces the PRISMA 2020 27-item checklist and related information.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SURGERY (2021)

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Article Zoology

Effects on carrion consumption in a mammalian scavenger community when dominant species are excluded

Jorge Tobajas et al.

Summary: This study investigated the response of the Mediterranean facultative scavenger community to the exclusion of larger scavenger species, showing that excluding dominant facultative scavengers led to reduced carrion consumption and increased availability for smaller species. The Egyptian mongoose was the main beneficiary of the exclusion, significantly increasing its carrion consumption in the exclusion area.

MAMMALIAN BIOLOGY (2021)

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Review Medicine, Legal

Pigs vs people: the use of pigs as analogues for humans in forensic entomology and taphonomy research

Szymon Matuszewski et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Medicine, Legal

Autopsy as a form of evisceration: Implications for decomposition rate, pattern, and estimation of postmortem interval

Christiane Baigent et al.

FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL (2020)

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Article Medicine, Legal

The Scavenging Patterns of Feral Cats on Human Remains in an Outdoor Setting

Sara Garcia et al.

JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES (2020)

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Editorial Material Medicine, Legal

An unusual pattern of post-mortem injury caused by Australian fresh water yabbies (Cherax destructor)

Roger W. Byard

FORENSIC SCIENCE MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY (2020)

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Article Biodiversity Conservation

Network structure of vertebrate scavenger assemblages at the global scale: drivers and ecosystem functioning implications

Esther Sebastian-Gonzalez et al.

ECOGRAPHY (2020)

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Article Medicine, Legal

The effect of clothing on decomposition and vertebrate scavengers in cooler months of the temperate southwestern Cape, South Africa

Maximilian J. Spies et al.

FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL (2020)

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Review Medicine, Legal

Revolution in death sciences: body farms and taphonomics blooming. A review investigating the advantages, ethical and legal aspects in a Swiss context

Vincent Varlet et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Ecology

Vertebrate scavengers alter the chronology of carcass decay

Luiz A. Lira et al.

AUSTRAL ECOLOGY (2020)

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Article Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science

Spatial Aspects of Gardens Drive Ranging in Urban Foxes (Vulpes vulpes): The Resource Dispersion Hypothesis Revisited

Bryony A. Tolhurst et al.

ANIMALS (2020)

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Article Medicine, Legal

Phase II spatial patterning of vulture scavenged human remains

Molly Miranker et al.

FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL (2020)

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Article Medicine, Legal

Contrasting insect activity and decomposition of pigs and humans in an Australian environment: A preliminary study

Blake M. Dawson et al.

FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL (2020)

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Review Medicine, Legal

A review of experimental design in forensic taphonomy: moving towards forensic realism

Kelly L. Miles et al.

FORENSIC SCIENCES RESEARCH (2020)

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Article Medicine, Legal

The impact of scavenging: perspective from casework in forensic anthropology

Douglas H. Ubelaker et al.

FORENSIC SCIENCES RESEARCH (2020)

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Review Medicine, Legal

First observation of burnt vertebrate carrion scavenging by black-billed magpies (Pica hudsonia(Sabine)) highlights the need to evaluate all possible scavengers at a site

Trevor Stamper et al.

CANADIAN SOCIETY OF FORENSIC SCIENCE JOURNAL (2020)

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Review Medicine, Legal

Why does the UK need a Human Taphonomy Facility?

A. Williams et al.

FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL (2019)

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Article Medicine, Legal

An Experiment to Characterize the Decomposer Community Associated with Carcasses (Sus scrofa domesticus) on Oahu, Hawaii

Hannah Dibner et al.

JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES (2019)

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Article Medicine, Legal

White-tailed Deer as a Taphonomic Agent: Photographic Evidence of White-tailed Deer Gnawing on Human Bone

Lauren A. Meckel et al.

JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES (2018)

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Article Medicine, Legal

Testing the Use of Pigs as Human Proxies in Decomposition Studies

Melissa Connor et al.

JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES (2018)

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Article Medicine, Legal

Avian Scavenging of Small-Sized Pig Carcasses in Central Florida: Utilizing GIS to Analyze Site Variables Affecting Skeletal Dispersal

John J. Schultz et al.

JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES (2018)

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Article Medicine, Legal

Forensic taphonomy: Vertebrate scavenging in the temperate southwestern Cape, South Africa

Maximilian J. Spies et al.

FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL (2018)

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Article Medicine, Legal

Forensic taphonomy: Scavenger-induced scattering patterns in the temperate southwestern Cape, South Africa - A first look

Maximilian J. Spies et al.

FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL (2018)

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Article Medicine, Legal

Differential Scavenging Among Pig, Rabbit, and Human Subjects

Dawnie Wolfe Steadman et al.

JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES (2018)

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Article Medicine, Legal

Differential Decomposition Among Pig, Rabbit, and Human Remains

Angela Dautartas et al.

JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES (2018)

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Review Ecology

Best practices and software for the management and sharing of camera trap data for small and large scales studies

Lorraine Scotson et al.

REMOTE SENSING IN ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION (2017)

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Article Medicine, Legal

Comparison of taphonomic progression due to the necrophagic activity of geographically disparate scavenging guilds

R. Christopher O'Brien et al.

CANADIAN SOCIETY OF FORENSIC SCIENCE JOURNAL (2017)

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Article Entomology

Commonly Used Intercarcass Distances Appear to Be Sufficient to Ensure Independence of Carrion Insect Succession Pattern

A. E. Perez et al.

ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA (2016)

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Article Medicine, Legal

Peri-mortem disease treatment: a little known cause of error in the estimation of the time since death in decomposing human remains

Jarvis Hayman et al.

AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES (2016)

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Article Medicine, Legal

Effect of body mass and clothing on carrion entomofauna

Szymon Matuszewski et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE (2016)

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Article Medicine, Legal

Applying Knowledge of Species-Typical Scavenging Behavior to the Search and Recovery of Mammalian Skeletal Remains

Alexandria Young et al.

JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES (2016)

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Article Medicine, Legal

Investigation into Seasonal Scavenging Patterns of Raccoons on Human Decomposition

Yangseung Jeong et al.

JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES (2016)

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Article Medicine, Legal

The taphonomy of human remains in a glacial environment

Marin A. Pilloud et al.

FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL (2016)

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Article Medicine, Legal

Postmortem scavenging by the Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana): Impact on taphonomic assemblages and progression

Kama A. King et al.

FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL (2016)

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Article Ecology

Ecological role of vertebrate scavengers in urban ecosystems in the UK

Richard Inger et al.

ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION (2016)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Carcass Type Affects Local Scavenger Guilds More than Habitat Connectivity

Zachary H. Olson et al.

PLOS ONE (2016)

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Article Medicine, Legal

Taphonomic alterations by the rodent species woodland vole (Microtus pinetorum) upon human skeletal remains

James T. Pokines

FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL (2015)

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Review Biodiversity Conservation

Wildlife camera trapping: a review and recommendations for linking surveys to ecological processes

A. Cole Burton et al.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY (2015)

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Article Medicine, Legal

A Taphonomic Study Exploring the Differences in Decomposition Rate and Manner between Frozen and Never Frozen Domestic Pigs (Sus scrofa)

Lindsey G. Roberts et al.

JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES (2015)

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Article Medicine, Legal

Animal Scavenging and Scattering and the Implications for Documenting the Deaths of Undocumented Border Crossers in the Sonoran Desert

Jess Beck et al.

JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES (2015)

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Review Biodiversity Conservation

Recommended guiding principles for reporting on camera trapping research

P. D. Meek et al.

BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION (2014)

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Article Medicine, Legal

Effect of body mass and clothing on decomposition of pig carcasses

Szymon Matuszewski et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE (2014)

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Article Medicine, Legal

The Effects of Sharp-Force Thoracic Trauma on the Rate and Pattern of Decomposition

Ashley C. Smith

JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES (2014)

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Article Medicine, Legal

An Experimental Study of Vertebrate Scavenging Behavior in a Northwest European Woodland Context

Alexandria Young et al.

JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES (2014)

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Article Criminology & Penology

Scavenging in Northwestern Europe: A Survey of UK Police Specialist Search Officers

Alexandria Young et al.

POLICING-A JOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE (2014)

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Article Medicine, Legal

An investigation into the effects of decomposition on the post-mortem location of trans-dermal artefacts

A. Starkie et al.

FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL (2013)

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Review Medicine, Legal

The effect of body size on the rate of decomposition in a temperate region of South Africa

A. Sutherland et al.

FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL (2013)

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Article Medicine, Legal

Geographic Variation in the Taphonomic Effect of Vulture Scavenging: The Case for Southern Illinois

Gretchen R. Dabbs et al.

JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES (2013)

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Article Medicine, Legal

Human Versus Animal: Contrasting Decomposition Dynamics of Mammalian Analogues in Experimental Taphonomy

Kathryn L. Stokes et al.

JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES (2013)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Optimising Camera Traps for Monitoring Small Mammals

Alistair S. Glen et al.

PLOS ONE (2013)

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Article Zoology

Vultures and others scavenger vertebrates associated with man-sized pig carcasses: a perspective in Forensic Taphonomy

Caroline Demo et al.

ZOOLOGIA (2013)

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Article Medicine, Legal

Disarticulation sequences and scattering patterns in temperate southeastern Australia

Alyce Clare Cameron et al.

AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES (2012)

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Article Psychology, Biological

Does Weather or Site Characteristics Influence the Ability of Scavengers to Locate Food?

Rebekah E. Ruzicka et al.

ETHOLOGY (2012)

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Article Medicine, Legal

Spatial patterning of vulture scavenged human remains

M. Katherine Spradley et al.

FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL (2012)

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Article Medicine, Legal

Scavenging Behavior of Lynx rufus on Human Remains During the Winter Months of Southeast Texas

Angela Rippley et al.

JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES (2012)

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Article Ecology

Scavenger community response to the removal of a dominant scavenger

Z. H. Olson et al.

OIKOS (2012)

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Article Medicine, Legal

Decomposition and insect succession of clothed and unclothed carcasses in Western Australia

Sasha C. Voss et al.

FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL (2011)

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Review Medicine, Legal

Factors and processes causing accelerated decomposition in human cadavers - An overview

Chong Zhou et al.

JOURNAL OF FORENSIC AND LEGAL MEDICINE (2011)

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Article Anthropology

A taphonomic study of a carcass consumed by griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) and its relevance for the interpretation of bone surface modifications

Santiago Dominguez-Solera et al.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2011)

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Article Medicine, Legal

Forensically significant scavenging guilds in the southwest of Western Australia

R. Christopher O'Brien et al.

FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL (2010)

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Article Ornithology

Estimating carcass persistence and scavenging bias in a human-influenced landscape in western Alaska

Paul L. Flint et al.

JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY (2010)

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Article Medicine, Legal

The Influence of Penetrative Trauma on the Rate of Decomposition

Peter Cross et al.

JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES (2010)

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Article Medicine, Legal

Debugging Decomposition Data-Comparative Taphonomic Studies and the Influence of Insects and Carcass Size on Decomposition Rate

Tal Simmons et al.

JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES (2010)

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Article Medicine, Legal

Forensic implications of carnivore scavenging on human remains recovered from outdoor locations in Greece

Konstantinos Moraitis et al.

JOURNAL OF FORENSIC AND LEGAL MEDICINE (2010)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Improving Bioscience Research Reporting: The ARRIVE Guidelines for Reporting Animal Research

Carol Kilkenny et al.

PLOS BIOLOGY (2010)

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Article Medicine, Legal

Scavenging activity can produce predictable patterns in surface skeletal remains scattering: Observations and comments from two experiments

Yvonne P. Kjorlien et al.

FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL (2009)

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Article Medicine, Legal

Taphonomic Effects of Vulture Scavenging

Nicole M. Reeves

JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES (2009)

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Article Medicine, Legal

Rodents as taphonomic agents: Bone gnawing by brown rats and gray squirrels

Walter E. Klippel et al.

JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES (2007)

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Article Medicine, Legal

Percentage of body recovered and its effect on identification rates and cause and manner of death determination

Debra A. Komar et al.

JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES (2007)

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Article Medicine, Legal

The effect of repeated physical disturbance on soft tissue decomposition-are taphonomic studies an accurate reflection of decomposition?

Rachel E. Adlam et al.

JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES (2007)

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Article Medicine, Legal

Taphonomy of child-sized remains: A study of scattering and scavenging in Virginia, USA

RJ Morton et al.

JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES (2006)

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Article Medicine, Legal

The future of forensic and crime scene science - Part II. A UK perspective on forensic science education

J Mennell

FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL (2006)

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Article Anthropology

Variation in the taphonomic effect of scavengers in semi-arid Australia linked to rainfall and the El Nino Southern Oscillation

OJF Brown et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY (2006)

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Article Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences

World map of the Koppen-Geiger climate classification updated

Markus Kottek et al.

METEOROLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT (2006)

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Article Biodiversity Conservation

Diet of free-ranging domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) in rural Zimbabwe:: implications for wild scavengers on the periphery of wildlife reserves

JRA Butler et al.

ANIMAL CONSERVATION (2002)

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Article Ornithology

Survival of avian carcasses and photographic evidence of predators and scavengers

RM Kostecke et al.

JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY (2001)

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Article Medicine, Legal

A baby, a virus, and a rat

JA Prahlow et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY (2000)

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