Cell-nano interactions of polydopamine nanoparticles

Polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles (NPs) have diverse nanomedicine applications owing to their biocompatibility and abundant entry to cells. Yet, our knowledge in their interactions with cells was infrequently studied until recent years. This review presents the latest insights into the cell-nano interactions of PDA NPs, including their 'self-targeting' to dopamine receptors for cellular entry without the aid of ligands, in vitro 'self-therapeutic' cellular responses (antiferroptosis, macrophage polarization, and modulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics) in the absence of drugs, and in vivo cellular localization and pharmacological properties upon various routes of administration. This review concludes with our perspectives on the therapeutic promise of PDA NPs and the need for studies on PDA biochemistry, biodegradability, and protein adsorption.

Automated summary

This review provides insights into the interactions between Polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NPs) and cells. The study reveals that PDA NPs can self-target cells through dopamine receptors without the need for ligands, and can exhibit self-therapeutic cellular responses in the absence of drugs. The review also discusses the cellular localization and pharmacological properties of PDA NPs upon various routes of administration.