☆ 4.3 Review

Biomarkers of Autoimmune Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria

CURRENT ALLERGY AND ASTHMA REPORTS (2023)

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Review Allergy

35 years of autologous serum skin test in chronic spontaneous urticaria: what we know and what we do not know

R. Asero et al.

Summary: The autologous serum skin test (ASST) has been used for 35 years to detect autoreactivity in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). However, many aspects of this diagnostic test are still unclear, including the nature of the factors that cause the wheal-and-flare skin reaction. This article reviews the current understanding of the clinical significance of ASST and the factors associated with the skin reaction after intradermal administration of autologous serum.

EUROPEAN ANNALS OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2023)

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Review Allergy

Urticaria and Angioedema: Understanding Complex Pathomechanisms to Facilitate Patient Communication, Disease Management, and Future Treatment

George N. Konstantinou et al.

Summary: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a complex genetic disease primarily driven by T2 domination, involving various mechanisms and molecules in its onset, persistence, and exacerbation. Basophils and eosinophils, in addition to mast cells, are actively involved in the disease. Biomarkers associated with CSU endotypes can help predict therapeutic responses. The introduction of biologic therapy has significantly advanced the treatment of CSU. Angioedema (AE) is primarily caused by increased vascular permeability mediated by histamine or bradykinin (BK). Deficiency in C1-inhibitor, along with other dysregulations, contributes to AE pathogenesis. The approval of hereditary-AE-specific therapies has revolutionized AE treatment. Understanding the pathogenesis of CSU and AE provides opportunities for improved patient care, personalized treatment, and novel therapeutic options.

JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE (2023)

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Review Allergy

Chronic urticaria and the pathogenic role of mast cells

Daniel Elieh-Ali-Komi et al.

Summary: The signs and symptoms of chronic urticaria (CU) are caused by the activation and degranulation of skin mast cells (MCs). Recent studies have contributed to our understanding of the involvement and differences of skin MCs in CU. Moreover, novel mechanisms of MC activation in CU have been identified and characterized. The use of MC-targeted and MC mediator-specific treatments has also provided insights into the role of the skin environment and the relevance of MC crosstalk in CU pathogenesis. This review summarizes these recent findings and their impact on our understanding of CU, specifically focusing on chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). It also highlights unresolved questions, controversial issues, and future research directions.

ALLERGOLOGY INTERNATIONAL (2023)

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Review Allergy

Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: The Role and Relevance of Autoreactivity, Autoimmunity, and Autoallergy

Riccardo Asero et al.

Summary: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a common and often debilitating disease. Numerous studies have been conducted in the past two decades to understand its pathogenesis. These studies have shed light on the autoimmune mechanisms involved in CSU and revealed the presence of different coexisting mechanisms behind the same clinical presentation. This article reviews the definitions of autoreactivity, autoimmunity, and autoallergy, which have been used variably to classify different endotypes of the disease. It also discusses potential methods for accurately classifying CSU patients.

JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE (2023)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Neuro-Immuno-Psychological Aspects of Chronic Urticaria

Katarzyna Tomaszewska et al.

Summary: Urticaria is a condition characterized by itchy wheals and angioedema. The pathophysiology of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is not well understood, but there are immunological and non-immunological abnormalities that result in clinical symptoms. Latest hypotheses suggest that Mast cells (MCs) activated by autoantibodies mediate the vasoactive and neurospecific effect in CSU. Psychological stress is seen as a triggering and modulating factor in CSU, but the mechanistic background is not fully elucidated. This review highlights the neuro-immuno-psychological aspects of CSU, suggesting the use of psychological tools and non-invasive interventions to reduce psychological stress.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2023)

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Review Allergy

Chronic spontaneous urticaria: new evidences on the role of autoimmunity

Yi-Kui Xiang et al.

Summary: The review provides an overview of recent advancements and relevance of autoimmune theories in chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). Two types of autoimmunity, Type I and Type IIb, have emerged as major contributors to CSU. Genetic evidence supports the similarity of CSU with other autoimmune diseases, rather than atopic diseases. Novel autoallergens and the potential overlap between types of autoimmunity have been identified, leading to better understanding of autoimmune mechanisms in CSU.

CURRENT OPINION IN ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2023)

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Letter Allergy

Is anti-TPO IgG and total IgE clinically useful for the detection of autoimmune chronic spontaneous urticaria?

Jorge Sanchez et al.

JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE (2022)

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Letter Allergy

Reply to Is anti-TPO IgG and total IgE clinically useful for the detection of autoimmune chronic spontaneous urticaria?

Pavel Kolkhir et al.

JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE (2022)

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Review Allergy

Neuro-allergology: Mast cellenerve cross-talk

Shota Toyoshima et al.

Summary: Mast cells and nerve fibers have anatomical and functional cross-talk, playing important roles in allergic inflamed tissues.

ALLERGOLOGY INTERNATIONAL (2022)

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Article Dermatology

Autologous serum skin test reactions in chronic spontaneous urticaria differ from heterologous cell reactions

K. Baumann et al.

Summary: Studies have shown that a third of CSU patients have mismatched results in ASST and BTs tests. These discrepancies cannot be solely explained by the choice of basophil assay, the type of cells exposed to CSU serum in vitro, or the experimental setting.

JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY AND VENEREOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

What Basophil Testing Tells Us About CSU Patients - Results of the CORSA Study

Joao Marcelino et al.

Summary: Positive basophil testing is associated with higher disease activity, impact, lower levels of disease control and total serum IgE, positive autologous serum skin test (ASST), angioedema, nocturnal symptoms, and other factors in chronic spontaneous urticaria patients. Further studies on basophil test-positive and -negative patients can provide insights into better management approaches.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Allergy

The Diagnostic Workup in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria-What to Test and Why

Martin Metz et al.

Summary: This study provides recommendations on which diagnostic tests should be performed on patients with CSU, aiming to guide physicians in assessing and treating the condition effectively.

JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE (2021)

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Article Immunology

Mast Cells Modulate Antigen-Specific CD8+ T Cell Activation During LCMV Infection

Yana Hackler et al.

Summary: MCs play a critical role in the activation and expansion of virus-specific CD8(+) T cells through proper dendritic cell (DC) activation, and are essential for antiviral functions during viral infections. Depletion of MCs impairs CD8(+) T cell effector phenotype, antiviral cytokine production, and DC activation, resulting in increased viral loads and reduced type-I interferon levels.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Review Cell Biology

The Role of Coagulation and Complement Factors for Mast Cell Activation in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria

Yuhki Yanase et al.

Summary: The activation of skin mast cells and peripheral basophils in patients with CSU is related to tissue factor (TF) and complement factors, and medications targeting these activated factors may represent new and effective treatments for severe and refractory CSU.

CELLS (2021)

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Article Allergy

Autoimmune Diseases Are Linked to Type IIb Autoimmune Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria

Pavel Kolkhir et al.

Summary: In patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), there is an increased risk for comorbid autoimmune diseases. The most common autoimmune diseases in this group are Hashimoto's thyroiditis and vitiligo. The presence of autoimmune diseases is associated with female sex, family history, hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism.

ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Allergy

Elevated MRGPRX2 Levels Related to Disease Severity in Patients With Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria

Thi Bich Tra Cao et al.

Summary: Research showed that serum MRGPRX2 levels were significantly higher in patients with severe chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) compared to healthy controls and non-severe CSU patients, and they were positively correlated with UAS7 and specific IgE against Dermatophagoides farinae in CSU subjects. Serum MRGPRX2 = 12 ng/mL was identified as an independent risk factor for severe CSU diagnosis.

ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Allergy

Eosinopenia, in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria, Is Associated with High Disease Activity, Autoimmunity, and Poor Response to Treatment

Pavel Kolkhir et al.

JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE (2020)

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Article Allergy

The role of eosinophils in chronic spontaneous urticaria

Sabine Altrichter et al.

JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

The association between chronic spontaneous urticaria and HLA class I and class II antigen

Neslihan Dogan et al.

TURKISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES (2020)

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Article Allergy

Biomarkers and clinical characteristics of autoimmune chronic spontaneous urticaria: Results of the PURIST Study

Nicole Schoepke et al.

ALLERGY (2019)

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Review Immunology

Autoimmune Theories of Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria

Sonali J. Bracken et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2019)

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Article Allergy

Causal Relationship Between Anti-TPO IgE and Chronic Urticaria by In Vitro and In Vivo Tests

Jorge Sanchez et al.

ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH (2019)

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Article Allergy

IL-24 is a common and specific autoantigen of IgE in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria

Oliver Schmetzer et al.

JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2018)

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Letter Allergy

Autoimmune chronic spontaneous urticaria

Clive Grattan

JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2018)

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Review Allergy

How to Approach Chronic Inducible Urticaria

Marcus Maurer et al.

JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE (2018)

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Review Immunology

Autoimmune comorbidity in chronic spontaneous urticaria: A systematic review

Pavel Kolkhir et al.

AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS (2017)

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Article Allergy

Differential TLR-induced cytokine production by human mast cells is amplified by FcεRI triggering

J. Suurmond et al.

CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY (2015)

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Review Allergy

EAACI taskforce position paper: evidence for autoimmune urticaria and proposal for defining diagnostic criteria

G. N. Konstantinou et al.

ALLERGY (2013)

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Article Allergy

Chronic urticaria and autoimmunity: Associations found in a large population study

Ronit Confino-Cohen et al.

JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2012)

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Review Immunology

TLR signaling in mast cells: common and unique features

Hilary Sandig et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2012)

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Article Dermatology

Autologous serum skin test vs autologous plasma skin test in patients with chronic urticaria: evaluation of reproducibility, sensitivity and specificity and relationship with disease activity, quality of life and anti-thyroid antibodies

Emek Kocaturk et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY (2011)

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Article Allergy

Expression of Tissue Factor by Eosinophils in Patients with Chronic Urticaria

Massimo Cugno et al.

INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY (2009)

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Article Immunology

CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells Suppress Mast Cell Degranulation and Allergic Responses through OX40-OX40L Interaction

Giorgia Gri et al.

IMMUNITY (2008)

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Article Allergy

Chronic urticaria sera increase basophil CD203c expression

Karen M. Yasnowsky et al.

JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2006)

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Article Immunology

Leukotriene B4, an activation product of mast cells, is a chemoattractant for their progenitors

CL Weller et al.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE (2005)

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Article Dermatology

Basophil CD63 expression assay on highly sensitized atopic donor leucocytes -: a useful method in chronic autoimmune urticaria

E Gyimesi et al.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY (2004)

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