The ingroup love and outgroup hate of Christian Nationalism: experimental evidence about the implementation of the rule of law

A long line of research has established that Americans who subscribe to Christian nationalism have a preference for those inside their group and animosity toward those outside their group. These beliefs may impede the equal application of the rule of law, a link that has been suggested but not formally tested. Utilizing experimental data from a survey conducted in fall 2021, we assess the equal application of the rule of law for in and outgroup members conditional on Christian nationalism and belief in Christian persecution. We suggest that ingroup love may move distinctly from outgroup hate. Our results suggest that Christian nationalists have a preference for the ingroup, but do not automatically denigrate outgroups. However, belief in Christian persecution drives animosity toward outgroups, while not elevating the ingroup. Christian nationalist outgroup hatred must be triggered by threat, which has been the project of movement and party elites.

Automated summary

Research has shown that Americans who subscribe to Christian nationalism tend to favor their ingroup while harboring animosity towards outgroups. However, not all Christian nationalists automatically denigrate outgroup members; this is influenced by their belief in Christian persecution. Hatred towards outgroups among Christian nationalists is triggered by perceived threats.