The Plasma Membrane Purinoreceptor P2K1/DORN1 Is Essential in Stomatal Closure Evoked by Extracellular Diadenosine Tetraphosphate (Ap4A) in Arabidopsis thaliana

Dinucleoside polyphosphates (Np(n)Ns) are considered novel signalling molecules involved in the induction of plant defence mechanisms. However, NpnN signal recognition and transduction are still enigmatic. Therefore, the aim of our research was the identification of the NpnN receptor and signal transduction pathways evoked by these nucleotides. Earlier, we proved that purine and pyrimidine Np(n)Ns differentially affect the phenylpropanoid pathway in Vitis vinifera suspension-cultured cells. Here, we report, for the first time, that both diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap(4)A) and dicytidine tetraphosphate (Cp4C)-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis thaliana. Moreover, we showed that plasma membrane purinoreceptor P2K1/DORN1 (does not respond to nucleotide 1) is essential for Ap(4)A-induced stomata movements but not for Cp4C. Wild-type Col-0 and the dorn1-3 A. thaliana knockout mutant were used. Examination of the leaf epidermis dorn1-3 mutant provided evidence that P2K1/DORN1 is a part of the signal transduction pathway in stomatal closure evoked by extracellular Ap(4)A but not by Cp4C. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in signal transduction caused by Ap(4)A and Cp4C, leading to stomatal closure. Ap(4)A induced and Cp4C suppressed the transcriptional response in wild-type plants. Moreover, in dorn1-3 leaves, the effect of Ap(4)A on gene expression was impaired. The interaction between P2K1/DORN1 and Ap(4)A leads to changes in the transcription of signalling hubs in signal transduction pathways.

Automated summary

Dinucleoside polyphosphates are considered novel signalling molecules involved in plant defence mechanisms. This study identified the receptor and signal transduction pathways for these nucleotides, showing that diadenosine tetraphosphate and dicytidine tetraphosphate induce stomatal closure in Arabidopsis thaliana. The plasma membrane purinoreceptor P2K1/DORN1 is essential for the stomata movements induced by diadenosine tetraphosphate, while reactive oxygen species are involved in the signal transduction caused by both nucleotides.