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Article
Engineering, Environmental
Karam Eeso et al.
Summary: This study investigates the degradation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in landfill leachate using a thin-water-film nonthermal plasma reactor. The removal percentage of PFAS depends on their category, with perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) having the highest removal percentage. The presence of landfill leachate components has minimal impact on PFOA mineralization. Intermediate PFAS species were identified and the degradation pathway suggests a stepwise removal of difluoromethylene (CF2). Non-targeted Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) successfully identified potential PFAS species in raw and treated leachates.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Sanny Verma et al.
Summary: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemicals containing carbon-fluorine (C-F) bonds, which have been widely used in various industrial and consumer products. PFAS pollution is a global concern due to their omnipresence in the environment and adverse health effects. Effective treatment technologies are needed for the removal and degradation of PFAS from water sources.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES
(2023)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marina G. Evich et al.
Summary: PFAS has become a symbol of environmental contamination, attracting public, scientific, and regulatory concern. These compounds are globally distributed through atmospheric and aqueous releases, and they accumulate in biota through multiple pathways. Efforts to remediate PFAS-contaminated matrices are still in their early stages, with a focus on research targeting drinking water.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Shui Cheung Edgar Leung et al.
Summary: This review article focuses on the degradation methods for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Various technologies, such as bioremediation, electrocoagulation, foam fractionation, sonolysis, photocatalysis, mechanochemical, and electrochemical degradation, have been developed and studied in recent years to address the PFAS crisis. However, challenges remain in terms of large-scale operation complexity and the release of toxic byproducts.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Sohag Biswas et al.
Summary: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic contaminants found in drinking water and consumer products. In this study, we use ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the degradation of PFASs using hydrated electrons. The results show that the mechanism of PFAS degradation with hydrated electrons is different from that with excess electrons/charges, which has been commonly used in previous computational studies. The activation barriers for PFAS degradation are relatively low, but diffusion-limited.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Muhammad Jehanzaib Khan et al.
Summary: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemicals that are widely present and pose a threat to ecosystems and living organisms. Conventional water treatment techniques are unable to degrade PFAS due to their chemical stability, making the development of novel techniques necessary. This study found that atmospheric non-thermal plasma can effectively degrade PFAS contaminants in a short treatment time, regardless of the initial concentration.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Linke Jiang et al.
Summary: This mini-review article provides an overview of the application of advanced oxidation-reduction technologies (AO/RTs) in removing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from aqueous environments. It highlights the remarkable defluorination efficiency of electron beam and plasma irradiation in water, as well as the generation of potentially toxic degradation products. The article emphasizes the importance of considering the secondary ecological risks during practical applications of these technologies.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mubbshir Saleem et al.
Summary: This paper reports on the remarkable performance of a novel RAdial Plasma (RAP) discharge reactor in treating water contaminated with PFAS surfactants, demonstrating high efficiency in degrading pollutants, excellent kinetic performance, and energy efficiency, and comparing favorably with state-of-art plasma systems.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Maleigh Mifkovic et al.
Summary: This study investigates the helical nature of perfluoroalkanes through their conformational distributions, especially as a benchmark for determining the impact of polar head groups, heteroatoms, and radical center on helical conformations. The results demonstrate that helicity is a local structural property that is significantly influenced by the presence of heteroatoms in the perfluoroalkyl chain as well as the presence of radical centers.
JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Rebecca A. Dickman et al.
Summary: The fate, effects, and treatment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are of great interest due to their widespread presence in the environment and significant toxicological effects on humans and wildlife. This article reviews selected papers from the Journal of Hazardous Materials on the toxicity, sequestration, and degradation of PFAS, and makes them available as open-access publications to facilitate the distribution of critical knowledge on PFAS. The review discusses routes of toxicity, observed human health effects, in-silico approaches for toxicity evaluation, removal methods, and degradation techniques for PFAS.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Necip B. Uner et al.
Summary: This study compared two electrified approaches, plasma and conventional electrochemical degradation, for the removal of per-or polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS). The results showed that plasma was effective as the cathode, while a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode was effective as the anode. Both methods had similar energy efficiencies, but plasma required higher voltage and lower current. The degradation kinetics of PFAS using plasma were mass-transfer-controlled, while BDD electrode exhibited zero-order kinetics.
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Davide Palma et al.
Summary: The urgent need for innovative tertiary treatments to remove emerging contaminates from wastewater, especially highly recalcitrant compounds like PFAS, has driven the development of non-thermal plasma (NTP) treatment technology. This technology generates reactive species capable of mineralizing stable and recalcitrant compounds. This review examines the physics of NTP, different proposed processes and reactors, reactive species generated during the process, and its applications in treating Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) with a focus on PFAS removal. The effects of natural components of water on the efficiency of NTP-based treatment are also discussed, and conclusions about the future of this technology are drawn based on existing literature and available market technologies.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Han Zhang et al.
Summary: Efficient destruction of high concentration PFOA was achieved using a needle-plate pulsed discharge reactor with microbubbles as carriers. Removal efficiency reached 81.5% in air discharge and 95.3% in Ar discharge, with a defluorination ratio of no less than 50%. PFOA was degraded into short-chain perfluoroalkyl acids and other fluorinated transformation products, showing the robustness of the treatment process in various water matrices.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Davide Palma et al.
Summary: In this study, the removal efficiency of PFAS from water using a non-thermal plasma generator was investigated. A modified full factorial design was used to analyze the effect of plasma discharge frequency, electrode distance, and water conductivity on treatment efficiency. Results showed that PFOS exhibited the best degradation at ppb level, while the degradation rates of PFOA and PFHxA were slower. The production of reactive species in both liquid and gas phases during plasma treatment was also studied, with particular attention to the nitrogen balance.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Raj Kamal Singh et al.
Summary: Using a bench-scale plasma reactor, PFAS in landfill leachate samples were effectively degraded, with PFOS and PFOA removed below USEPA's health advisory concentration levels in a short time. Long-chain PFAAs were removed by over 99.9% and short-chain PFAAs by 10-99.9%, demonstrating high removal efficiency.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
Joseph R. Groele et al.
Summary: Studies have shown that two types of plasma reactors are effective in degrading PFAS in groundwater, with the DBD reactor with water dielectric barriers showing the most efficient performance. The experiments also found that air can be used as a suitable working gas alternative to argon, and that both AC and ns-pulsed power sources can generate plasmas for these reactors. Additionally, it was observed that both reactors exhibited the same removal rate for low and high PFAS concentrations in groundwater, indicating their efficiency in treating heavily contaminated water.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chase Nau-Hix et al.
Summary: The pilot-scale plasma-based water treatment system showed significant removal of long-chain PFAAs and PFAS precursors, but limited impact on short-chain PFAAs. Addition of a cationic surfactant during treatment process led to a significant improvement in removal efficiency of short-chain PFAAs.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xiaojing Wang et al.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Raj Kamal Singh et al.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Raj Kamal Singh et al.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Raj Kamal Singh et al.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Vojislav Jovicic et al.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Gunnar R. Stratton et al.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2017)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ryuichi Hayashi et al.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING IN JAPAN
(2015)
