4.8 Review

Antibiotics: A GOLDen promise?

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Article Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear

[AuIII(N∧N)Br2](PF6): A Class of Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Complexes (N∧N=2,2′-Bipyridine and 1,10-Phenanthroline Derivatives)

M. Carla Aragoni et al.

Summary: A series of new complexes were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic, electrochemical, and diffractometric techniques. The complexes showed promising antibacterial and antibiofilm properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains.

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2023)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

Three-photon absorption platinum (II) complexes based on DNA and L-lysine recognition for photodynamic antimicrobial therapy

Jing Xu et al.

Summary: New agents for treating bacterial infections and promoting wound healing are urgently needed in facing the crisis of multidrug-resistant bacteria. The multi-photon AIE complex has great potential in the treatment of bacterial infections due to its good tissue penetration, low energy loss, and high resolution. In this study, platinum (II) complex FLPt1 exhibits better three-photon AIE performance than FLPt2, and the difference in performance is attributed to the variety of intermolecular forces through terminal substituent regulation. Furthermore, FLPt1/FLPt2 can induce mitochondrial collapse, respond to L-lysine and DNA, and destroy bacterial walls, leading to bacterial death.

SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL (2023)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Gold(I) selenium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes as potent antibacterial agents against multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria via inhibiting thioredoxin reductase

Xiuli Chen et al.

Summary: Gold(I) selenium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes H7 and H8 exhibit stronger antibacterial effects against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria by irreversibly inhibiting the activity of TrxR and inducing oxidative stress. In vivo experiments demonstrate that H7 and H8 have better antibacterial activity than auranofin, and can promote wound healing and prolong the survival time of patients with Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii induced peritonitis.

REDOX BIOLOGY (2023)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Gold Complexes in Anticancer Therapy: From New Design Principles to Particle-Based Delivery Systems

Guillermo Moreno-Alcantar et al.

Summary: The discovery of medicinal properties of gold complexes has led to the development of new anticancer drugs, which are unique in their modes of action. Current research focuses on designing drug leads with enhanced pharmacological activities and improving physicochemical properties of gold compounds. Encapsulation of gold compounds in nanocarriers or their grafting onto targeted delivery vectors may lead to new nanomedicines for clinical applications. This article provides an overview of gold anticancer compounds and a detailed review of nanoparticle-based delivery systems for gold chemotherapeutics.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2023)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Next Generation Gold Drugs and Probes: Chemistry and Biomedical Applications

R. Tyler Mertens et al.

Summary: Gold drugs such as Myocrisin, Solganal, and Ridaura are used in the treatment of inflammatory arthritis. However, the development of new gold complexes has been slow. Repurposing the drug Ridaura for different diseases has led to the development of new gold complexes based on unique mechanisms. Various chemical methods for preparing stable gold complexes and their mechanisms have been explored for therapeutic purposes. This review focuses on the development of gold agents in biomedicine, providing readers with an overview of their utility and mechanism of action.

CHEMICAL REVIEWS (2023)

Review Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear

Hybrid nanostructures based on gold nanoparticles and functional coordination polymers: Chemistry, physics and applications in biomedicine, catalysis and magnetism

Roger Sanchis-Gual et al.

Summary: In the past decade, hybrid nanomaterials, specifically those consisting of gold nanoparticles combined with coordination polymers, have attracted interest in the scientific community. These materials offer advantages over traditional inorganic nanomaterials and organic compounds, such as versatile chemistry, easy processing, large surface area, low toxicity, biodegradability, and electronic/magnetic functionalities. Integrating gold nanoparticles with coordination polymers in various nanostructures has expanded their properties and applications, overcoming limitations of gold nanoparticles for certain uses. This review focuses on different hybrid nanostructures that combine colloidal gold nanoparticles with coordination polymers, exhibiting physical (e.g. ferromagnetism, photomagnetism, spin switching) or chemical (e.g. electrocatalysis) properties of interest. The enhanced properties and synergistic effects resulting from this combination are thoroughly discussed. These hybrid materials show promise for various applications, particularly in biomedicine, catalysis, magnetism, and sensing.

COORDINATION CHEMISTRY REVIEWS (2023)

Article Microbiology

Novel gold(III)-dithiocarbamate complex targeting bacterial thioredoxin reductase: antimicrobial activity, synergy, toxicity, and mechanistic insights

Carlos Ratia et al.

Summary: A (C<^>S)-cyclometallated Au(III) dithiocarbamate complex was characterized as a potential drug candidate with stable properties, potent antibacterial and antibiofilm activity, and the ability to inhibit multidrug-resistant strains without producing resistant mutants. Mechanistic studies revealed its multimodal mechanism of action, including direct interaction with bacterial membranes and interference with energy metabolism and membrane stability pathways. The complex showed low cytotoxicity to mammalian cells and no acute in vivo toxicity in mice.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2023)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Metals to combat antimicrobial resistance

Angelo Frei et al.

Summary: Metal ions have antimicrobial activity and are considered as potential new antibiotics. Metal complexes can also be used for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and radionuclide diagnosis of bacterial infections.

NATURE REVIEWS CHEMISTRY (2023)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Turning on the Antimicrobial Activity of Gold Nanoclusters Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

William Ndugire et al.

Summary: The addition of thiourea (TU) enhances the broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of D-maltose-capped gold nanoclusters (AuNC-Mal). AuNC-Mal/TU exhibits effective inhibition against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa with low cytotoxicity. The antimicrobial activity is attributed to the generation of [Au(TU)(2)](+) and smaller AuNCs, increased accumulation of Au in bacteria, and inhibition of thioredoxin reductase.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2023)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Inhibition of Biofilm and Virulence Properties of Pathogenic Bacteria by Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized from Lactiplantibacillus sp. Strain C1

Min-Gyun Kang et al.

Summary: The study utilized nanotechnology as an alternative method to control the development of biofilms and virulence characteristics in microbial pathogens, addressing the issue of antibiotic resistance. Probiotic bacteria were used to synthesize gold and silver nanoparticles, which exhibited antibacterial properties against various pathogens and significantly inhibited the formation and eradicated mature biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The nanoparticles also reduced the virulence features of P. aeruginosa and inhibited the hemolytic activity of S. aureus, potentially serving as viable therapeutic strategies for preventing infections caused by these bacteria.

ACS OMEGA (2023)

Review Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear

Molecular mechanisms and clinical implications of the gold drug auranofin

Shuying Shen et al.

Summary: Auranofin (AUR) is a lipophilic gold-based compound used for rheumatoid arthritis treatment. It exhibits diverse biological properties, including antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiparasitic, and anticancer activities. Mechanistically, AUR regulates cellular redox homeostasis by inhibiting thioredoxin reductase activity and affects multiple signaling pathways related to cell proliferation, apoptosis, and ferroptosis. Advances in stereospecific chemistry of AUR have identified new targets, offering potential for its use in various clinical indications.

COORDINATION CHEMISTRY REVIEWS (2023)

Review Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear

Recent developments on other platinum metal complexes as target-specific anticancer therapeutics

Thimma Subramanian Prathima et al.

Summary: Numerous biologically active metal complexes have been reported for their unique features and enhanced functions in inhibiting cancer progression. However, many of these drugs have failed at various levels of clinical trials despite performing well in the laboratory.

COORDINATION CHEMISTRY REVIEWS (2023)

Article Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear

Synthesis, structural characterization, and antibacterial activity of alkenyl functionalized imidazolium N-heterocyclic silver(I) and gold(I) carbene complexes

Erik G. Rojo-Gomez et al.

Summary: Synthetic, structural, and antibacterial studies were conducted on a series of functionalized monocarbene NHC of silver(I) and gold(I) complexes. The silver NHC compounds were synthesized using Ag2O and 3-substituted 1-(2-methylallyl)imidazolium chloride salts, while the monocarbene NHC-Au(I) complexes were obtained by transmetalation using NHC-Ag(I) compounds and [AuCl(SMe2)] as a source of gold(I). Spectroscopic and analytic techniques were used for characterization, and the molecular structures of selected compounds were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In vitro antibacterial assays showed that the gold complexes exhibited superior activity against various bacterial strains compared to the silver complexes.

INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA (2023)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Surface functionalization of inorganic nanoparticles with ligands: a necessary step for their utility

Kaustav Bhattacharjee et al.

Summary: The importance of organic ligands in protecting inorganic nanoparticles and imparting stabilization as colloidal dispersions has long been recognized. Currently, there is great interest in the rational preparation of functional nanoparticles (FNPs) with designed organic molecules/ligands for specific applications. This tutorial review explores the evolution of surface-ligand chemistry and highlights how ligands not only protect the surface but also modulate the physico-chemical properties of the underlying inorganic nanoparticles. The review also presents design principles for the rational preparation of such FNPs, with the addition of one or more ligand shells to improve their adaptability and amenability to the environment.

CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS (2023)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Repurposing of the gold drug auranofin and a review of its derivatives as antibacterial therapeutics

Yuanhao Liu et al.

Summary: Multidrug resistance is a significant issue in antibiotic clinical application, leading researchers to explore the potential of auranofin and other gold complexes as antibacterial agents. These advances offer a new perspective on the treatment of bacterial infections.

DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY (2022)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Screening the biological properties of transition metal carbamates reveals gold(I) and silver(I) complexes as potent cytotoxic and antimicrobial agents

Giulio Bresciani et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the air- and water-stability and biological potential of simple metal-carbamates. The results showed that these compounds have potential for anti-tumor and antibacterial activities.

JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis

Christopher J. L. Murray et al.

Summary: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant threat to global human health, and this study provides the most comprehensive estimates of AMR burden to date. By estimating deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) associated with bacterial AMR in 204 countries and territories in 2019, the study highlights the impact of resistance and the leading pathogen-drug combinations contributing to it.

LANCET (2022)

Review Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear

Medicinal inorganic chemistry: an updated review on the status of metallodrugs and prominent metallodrug candidates

Victor M. Miranda

Summary: Metallodrugs, although representing a small portion of all drugs in the market, are some of the most important and commonly used drugs in modern medicine. Medicinal inorganic chemistry is often underestimated due to the misconception of metals being associated with toxicity. This review highlights the potential of medicinal inorganic chemistry in drug designing and demonstrates the wide range of applications of metal-based drugs in both therapy and diagnosis through numerous examples.

REVIEWS IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2022)

Review Microbiology

Gold-Derived Molecules as New Antimicrobial Agents

Carlos Ratia et al.

Summary: Antimicrobial resistance is considered a major global health problem and has led to the emergence and spread of resistant microorganisms worldwide. Gold complexes, with their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities and unique modes of action, have gained attention as potential new agents for combating antimicrobial resistance.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2022)

Article Microbiology

A C⊥S-Cyclometallated Gold(III) Complex as a Novel Antibacterial Candidate Against Drug-Resistant Bacteria

Carlos Ratia et al.

Summary: The emergence and spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria pose a threat to the effectiveness of current antibiotics. Gold-based drugs, specifically gold(III) complexes, have shown potential as antibacterial agents. In this study, the antibacterial activity of the gold(III) complex 2 was demonstrated, and a synergistic effect was observed when combined with colistin.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2022)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles and Its Effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Syed Ghazanfar Ali et al.

Summary: Antimicrobial resistance is a serious global health concern due to excessive use of antibiotics. In this study, gold nanoparticles synthesized from the plant Tinospora cordifolia were tested against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, showing effective antimicrobial properties.

MOLECULES (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Bottom-up Synthesis of Water-Soluble Gold Nanoparticles Stabilized by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: From Structural Characterization to Applications

Sophie R. Thomas et al.

Summary: N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) stabilized gold nanoparticles have great potential in various applications. This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of water-soluble NHC-stabilized gold nanoparticles, as well as their catalytic activity and photothermal efficiency.

CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL (2022)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Metal nanoparticles against multi-drug-resistance bacteria

Ajit Mishra et al.

Summary: Metal nanoparticles have shown potential in treating antimicrobial-resistant bacterial infections due to their unique mechanisms, such as disrupting bacterial cell membranes and enhancing immune responses. The properties of nanoparticles play a role in determining their effectiveness against multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. This review provides insight into the properties and applications of various metal nanoparticles.

JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY (2022)

Article Infectious Diseases

Gold(III) Complexes Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria of Veterinary Significance

Carlos Ratia et al.

Summary: Gold(III) complexes (G3Cs) show antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains, with a stronger effect observed against Gram-positive strains. The antibacterial activity of G3Cs against Gram-negative species is similar or slightly higher than the corresponding MIC values, while the activity is higher for Gram-positive species. Combination of G3Cs with colistin may have a potential synergistic antibacterial effect.

ANTIBIOTICS-BASEL (2022)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Antimicrobial Activity of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Prepared by Photoreduction Process with Leaves and Fruit Extracts of Plinia cauliflora and Punica granatum

Marcia Regina Franzolin et al.

Summary: Metallic nanoparticles have emerged as a new platform against microorganisms due to their ability to damage bacterial membranes and DNA. This study utilized extracts from Brazilian plants and phytochemicals as stabilizing agents in the photoreduction process to prepare nanoparticles. Excellent synthesis results were obtained, with the silver nanoparticles exhibiting excellent antimicrobial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, as well as yeast, suggesting their potential as antimicrobial agents.

MOLECULES (2022)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Biological Activity of NHC-Gold-Alkynyl Complexes Derived from 3-Hydroxyflavones

Ines Marmol et al.

Summary: This paper describes the synthesis of new N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) gold(I) derivatives and their screening for antimicrobial and anticancer activities. The compounds showed greater activity against bacteria than against colon cancer cells. The mechanism of action of one of the compounds, 1b, was evaluated and it was found to inhibit dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) activity in E. coli cells and cause structural changes in the bacteria.

PHARMACEUTICS (2022)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Advancements in antimicrobial nanoscale materials and self-assembling systems

Jack A. Doolan et al.

Summary: Antimicrobial resistance is a significant threat to human health, causing more deaths and financial burden than HIV/AIDS or malaria. This review focuses on novel therapeutic strategies, such as self-assembling systems and nanoscale materials, to combat antimicrobial resistance. The mechanisms, advantages, and disadvantages of these systems are discussed, providing guidance for further research and development in this field.

CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Enhancing the antibacterial activity of near-infrared light-triggered photothermal therapy using hybrid Au/ZnSe nanodumbbells

Dong Wang et al.

Summary: Photothermal therapy is an effective alternative to antibiotics for bacterial infection, but its development is hindered by the poor tissue penetration and photothermal effect of short-wavelength excitation light. In this study, hybrid plasmonic Au/ZnSe nanodumbbell heterostructures were designed and synthesized for enhanced antibacterial photothermal therapy under near-infrared II light irradiation. The heterostructures exhibited higher photothermal conversion efficiency and demonstrated outstanding antibacterial ability in vitro and in vivo.

NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY (2022)

Article Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear

Gold(I) metallocyclophosphazenes with antibacterial potency and antitumor efficacy. Synergistic antibacterial action of a heterometallic gold and silver-cyclophosphazene

Elena Gascon et al.

Summary: Phosphazenes have important biomedical applications, as they can be used as scaffolds for ligand design and construction for coordination with metallic drugs. This study investigated the coordination chemistry of the phosphazene ligand [N3P3(NHCy)(6)] with gold(I) complexes. Various neutral and cationic complexes were synthesized and characterized, and their cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities were evaluated. The heterometallic compound 13 showed outstanding antimicrobial efficacy. These findings are significant for the design of materials with antimicrobial properties.

DALTON TRANSACTIONS (2022)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Recent development of gold(i) and gold(iii) complexes as therapeutic agents for cancer diseases

Yunlong Lu et al.

Summary: Metal complexes, particularly gold complexes, have shown significant antitumor activities and potential as alternative chemotherapy agents due to their different mechanism of action and ability to induce immunogenic cell death. This review comprehensively summarizes the recent progress and mechanism of action of gold (I) and gold (III) complexes.

CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Gold-Based Pharmacophore Inhibits Intracellular MYC Protein

Samuel Ofori et al.

Summary: This study developed gold-based small-molecule MYC reagents that can specifically engage MYC inside cells and modulate its activity, showing superior cell-killing potential in a MYC-dependent manner. Functional colorimetric assays and whole-cell transcriptomics revealed the ability of the lead compound to suppress MYC transcription factor activity and significantly modulate MYC target genes. These findings suggest that metal-mediated ligand affinity chemistry based on gold is a promising strategy for developing chemical probes and anticancer therapeutics targeting MYC.

CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL (2021)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Coordination Complexes to Combat Bacterial Infections: Recent Developments, Current Directions and Future Opportunities

Apurva Pandey et al.

Summary: Medicinal chemists have been working on the efficient eradication of life-threatening bacterial infections for several decades, especially in response to the emergence of multi-drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria. With better understanding of nutrient acquisition and metabolism at the host-pathogen interface, new drug targets are emerging, including processes related to metal homeostasis. Opportunities for medicinal inorganic chemists to selectively alter or disrupt these processes for bacteriostatic or bacteriotoxic effects are being explored.

CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

A focus on the biological targets for coinage metal-NHCs as potential anticancer complexes

Federica Guarra et al.

Summary: Metal complexes of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands are attracting increasing attention for therapeutic purposes. Among different metal centres like Au, Ag, and Cu, they exhibit anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-tumour properties. This review focuses on the biological targets of these compounds and provides insights into their mechanistic behavior based on structure-activity relationships.

JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Catalytic oxidative coupling of o-phenylenediamine, in-vitro antibacterial and antitumor activities of a gold(III)-bipyridine complex

Rajani Kanta Mahato et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates the synthesis, structural description, bio-mimics, and in-vitro biological activities of a mononuclear aurum(III) complex. The complex showed strong cytotoxic effects against human lung cancer cells and exhibited potent antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria by destroying mitochondrial membranes.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE (2021)

Article Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear

Anticancer and antibacterial properties of trinuclear Cu(I), Ag(I) and Au(I) macrocyclic NHC/urea complexes

Christian H. G. Jakob et al.

Summary: In this study, the synthesis and characterization of the first macrocyclic Cu(I), Ag(I), and Au(I) tricarbene/urea N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes were described. The newly described silver and gold complexes exhibited luminescence with emission maxima at specific wavelengths, and showed moderate activity in inhibiting the growth of bacteria and cancer cells. The type of metal in the complexes had a significant influence on their antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities.

JOURNAL OF ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY (2021)

Article Infectious Diseases

Auranofin Has Advantages over First-Line Drugs in the Treatment of Severe Streptococcus suis Infections

Hao Lu et al.

Summary: Auranofin, an FDA-approved oral anti-rheumatic drug, shows potential as a repurposed drug for treating severe Streptococcus suis infections. It reduces the reducing redox-responsive capacity of bacterial thioredoxin reductase, leading to the killing of S. suis cells and also exhibits antibacterial activity against other gram-positive bacteria. Additionally, auranofin is effective in eradicating intracellular S.suis and reducing mortality in mouse models infected with S. suis.

ANTIBIOTICS-BASEL (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Dinuclear silver(I)- and gold(I)-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of N-alkyl substituted bis-benzimidazol-2-ylidenes with aliphatic spacer: Synthesis, characterizations and antibacterial studies

Sunusi Y. Hussaini et al.

Summary: In this study, a new series of dinuclear Ag(I)-NHC and Au(I)-NHC complexes bearing n-alkyl homologous series with propylene spacers were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activities. The results showed that the Ag(I)-NHC complexes exhibited better antibacterial activities than the Au(I)-NHC complexes.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE (2021)

Article Chemistry, Medicinal

1,2,3-Triazole-gold(I)-triethylposphine derivatives active against resistant Gram-positive pathogens

Mathieu Michaut et al.

Summary: Innovative organogold(I) antibacterial compounds were synthesized through click chemistry, exhibiting high levels of antibacterial activity against Gram-positive pathogens, with particularly low MICs against Clostridium difficile.

BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear

Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Ferrocenyl-1,2,3-Triazoles, Triazolium Salts, and Triazolylidene Complexes of Gold(i) and Silver(i)

Carolin Hoyer et al.

Summary: 1,2,3-triazoles, corresponding triazolium salts, and mesoionic carbenes have been thoroughly studied in this research, with compounds being characterized through various methods and tested for antibacterial properties. The compounds show good antibacterial activity against resistant strains of Salmonella typhimurium.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2021)

Article Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear

Antibacterial thiamine inspired silver (I) and gold (I) N-heterocyclic carbene compounds

Orhi Esarte Palomero et al.

Summary: Three new coinage metal carbene complexes of silver and gold synthesized from a thiamine inspired proligand were characterized and found to exhibit potent antimicrobial activity, with the gold carbene derivative showing the strongest activity against Gram-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in MIC studies.

INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA (2021)

Review Immunology

Bacterial Superinfections Among Persons With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Comprehensive Review of Data From Postmortem Studies

Cornelius J. Clancy et al.

Summary: Research shows that potential bacterial lung superinfections were present in 32% of patients who died with COVID-19, with most of them receiving antimicrobial treatment. The most common pathogens identified in postmortem studies included Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Superinfections were rarely the direct cause of death, ranking third behind other factors.

OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

Article Infectious Diseases

New Auranofin Analogs with Antibacterial Properties against Burkholderia Clinical Isolates

Dustin Maydaniuk et al.

Summary: Bacteria of the genus Burkholderia, including pathogenic species, show intrinsic drug resistance. Auranofin analogs such as MS-40 and MS-40S exhibit antibiotic activity against Burkholderia clinical isolates, killing stationary-phase cells without inducing multistep resistance, and demonstrating low toxicity in model organisms. Further investigations are needed to explore the therapeutic potential of these compounds against Burkholderia infections.

ANTIBIOTICS-BASEL (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Selective Anticancer and Antimicrobial Metallodrugs Based on Gold(III) Dithiocarbamate Complexes

Elisa Abas et al.

Summary: Newly synthesized dithiocarbamate cycloaurated complexes exhibit good antitumor properties with excellent in vitro antiproliferative activity and selectivity. They also show good antimicrobial activity against various bacteria and fungi.

BIOMEDICINES (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

In vivo efficacy of auranofin in a hamster model of Clostridioides difficile infection

Nader S. Abutaleb et al.

Summary: Clostridioides difficile infections are a significant public health threat globally, and auranofin shows potential as a new effective anti-CDI agent.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Metallo-β-lactamases in the Age of Multidrug Resistance: From Structure and Mechanism to Evolution, Dissemination, and Inhibitor Design

Guillermo Bahr et al.

Summary: Antimicrobial resistance is a major problem in current practical medicine, with the spread of genes coding for resistance determinants among bacteria challenging the use of antibiotics. Metallo-beta-lactamases play a central role in antibiotic resistance, with their diverse characteristics explored in the chemical, biochemical, and microbiological aspects.

CHEMICAL REVIEWS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Gold(I) and Gold(III) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes as Antibacterial Agents and Inhibitors of Bacterial Thioredoxin Reductase

Rolf Buessing et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that gold complexes exhibit strong antibacterial effects against Gram-positive bacteria and efficiently inhibit bacterial thioredoxin reductase. Both gold(I) and gold(III) analogues show comparable efficacy in most assays.

CHEMMEDCHEM (2021)

Article Chemistry, Medicinal

An Organogold Compound as Potential Antimicrobial Agent against Drug-Resistant Bacteria: Initial Mechanistic Insights

Parichita Chakraborty et al.

Summary: The study assessed the antibacterial activity of seven gold complexes, with one showing effective activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Mechanism of action studies revealed no induction of oxidative stress or cell membrane damage, with certain genes related to metal transport and homeostasis being upregulated. Toxicity tests on mouse tissue slices showed low toxicity, suggesting the organogold compound may be a potential antibacterial drug candidate.

CHEMMEDCHEM (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Silver Nanoparticles and Their Antibacterial Applications

Tamara Bruna et al.

Summary: Silver nanoparticles have excellent antimicrobial properties against a wide range of bacteria, including drug-resistant strains. Research on the synergistic effects of silver nanoparticles with other antibacterial agents for medical applications is ongoing to effectively treat or prevent infections.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Towards the sustainable discovery and development of new antibiotics

Marcus Miethke et al.

Summary: There is a growing demand for novel antimicrobials to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens, but there is currently a lack of investment in this field. New agents with innovative chemistry and modes of action are urgently needed to combat the public health threat posed by antimicrobial resistance. The consortium proposes short-term and long-term solutions to overcome urgent limitations in research and funding, aiming to bridge the gap between academic, industrial, and political stakeholders to improve the ability to discover and develop new antibiotics.

NATURE REVIEWS CHEMISTRY (2021)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Antibiofilm efficacy of the gold compound auranofin on dual species biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida sp.

Pengfei She et al.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY (2020)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Classification of Metal-Based Drugs according to Their Mechanisms of Action

Eszter Boros et al.

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

On the path to gold: Monoanionic Au bisdithiolate complexes with antimicrobial and antitumor activities

Silvia A. Sousa et al.

JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Anti-fibrotic activity of gold and platinum complexes - Au(I) compounds as a new class of anti-fibrotic agents

Matthew Stratton et al.

JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY (2020)

Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Chryso-lactams:Gold(I) derivatives of ampicillin with specific activity against Gram-positive pathogens

Mathieu Michaut et al.

BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS (2020)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

In Vitro Investigation of Auranofin as a Treatment for Clostridium difficile Infection

Christine Roder et al.

DRUGS IN R&D (2020)

Letter Chemistry, Medicinal

A Role for Metal-Based Drugs in Fighting COVID-19 Infection? The Case of Auranofin

Tiziano Marzo et al.

ACS MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS (2020)

Review Infectious Diseases

Bacterial co-infection and secondary infection in patients with COVID-19: a living rapid review and meta-analysis

Bradley J. Langford et al.

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION (2020)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Recent Advances of Gold Compounds in Anticancer Immunity

Shuang Yue et al.

FRONTIERS IN CHEMISTRY (2020)

Article Polymer Science

Bipyrazole Based Novel Bimetallic μ-oxo Bridged Au(III) Complexes as Potent DNA Interacalative, Genotoxic, Anticancer, Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Agents

Darshana N. Kanthecha et al.

JOURNAL OF INORGANIC AND ORGANOMETALLIC POLYMERS AND MATERIALS (2020)

Review Chemistry, Medicinal

Gold Drugs with {Au(PPh3)}+ Moiety: Advantages and Medicinal Applications

Jenny R. Stenger-Smith et al.

CHEMMEDCHEM (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Resensitizing carbapenem- and colistin-resistant bacteria to antibiotics using auranofin

Hongzhe Sun et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

Article Infectious Diseases

Metal Complexes, an Untapped Source of Antibiotic Potential?

Angelo Frei

ANTIBIOTICS-BASEL (2020)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Therapeutic potential of dithiocarbamate supported gold compounds

Christian K. Adokoh

RSC ADVANCES (2020)

Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Silver nanoparticles: Synthesis, medical applications and biosafety

Li Xu et al.

THERANOSTICS (2020)

Article Infectious Diseases

Antibacterial and antivirulence activities of auranofin against Clostridium difficile

Ahmed AbdelKhalek et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS (2019)

Review Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear

Recent progress in silver(I)-, gold(I)/(III)- and palladium(II)-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes: A review towards biological perspectives

Sunusi Y. Hussaini et al.

JOURNAL OF ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY (2019)

Article Immunology

Auranofin Releasing Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Polyurethane Intravascular Catheter Coatings

Hanyang Liu et al.

FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY (2019)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Repurposing auranofin to combat uropathogenic Escherichia coli biofilms

H. -I. Jang et al.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY (2019)

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