The COVID-19 pandemic and operational challenges, impacts, and lessons learned: a multi-methods study of US prison systems

Article Criminology & Penology

The Floating Signifier of 'Safety': Correctional Officer Perspectives on COVID-19 Restrictions, Legitimacy and Prison Order

William J. Schultz et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant implications for prison management, with inconsistent messaging and contested definitions of 'safety' creating uncertainty at the frontline.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF CRIMINOLOGY (2023)

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Review Criminology & Penology

COVID-19 in Carceral Systems: A Review

Lisa B. Puglisi et al.

Summary: Similar to past influenza pandemics, COVID-19 spread rapidly in US prisons and jails. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a greater focus on health research in carceral systems. This review examines the impact of COVID-19 on incarcerated individuals, correctional staff, health systems, and surrounding communities. The review identifies a large number of studies, mostly focused on disease epidemiology in carceral systems, with only a few focusing on the effectiveness of prevention and mitigation efforts. Areas for future research are highlighted to gain a better understanding of COVID-19 and prevent future pandemics.

ANNUAL REVIEW OF CRIMINOLOGY (2023)

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Article Psychology, Clinical

The Keepers: Returning Citizens' Experiences With Prison Staff Misconduct

Meghan A. Novisky et al.

Summary: Research into the misconduct of correctional staff on formerly incarcerated individuals is essential to understand the impact of such behavior, and further study on the frequency and consequences of staff misconduct, as well as policy development, is warranted.

CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND BEHAVIOR (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

COVID-19 community spread and consequences for prison case rates

Katherine LeMasters et al.

Summary: COVID-19 and mass incarceration are closely linked, with prisons having higher case rates than the general population. This study aims to explore the impact of community spread of COVID-19 on case rates in prisons. The study found that community spread of COVID-19 is associated with higher case rates in prisons. Therefore, community spread should be closely monitored in communities with prisons, and strict measures within prisons and decarceration should be prioritized.

PLOS ONE (2022)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

The Growing Importance of Mixed-Methods Research in Health

Sharada Prasad Wasti et al.

Summary: This paper illustrates the growing importance of mixed-methods research in various health disciplines and emphasizes the factors to consider when designing, implementing, analyzing, and integrating mixed-methods research.

NEPAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Health Care Sciences & Services

The Impact Of COVID-19 On The Health Of Incarcerated Older Adults In California State Prisons

Ada Kwan et al.

Summary: COVID-19 has had a greater impact on older incarcerated adults in US prisons, with higher rates of infection, hospitalization, and mortality compared to younger adults. Despite this, fewer older adults were released during the pandemic.

HEALTH AFFAIRS (2022)

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Article Criminology & Penology

It's Like the Zombie Apocalypse Here: Correctional Officer Perspectives on the Deleterious Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Frank Ferdik et al.

Summary: This article examines the impact of COVID-19 on correctional officers and institutions. The findings from interviews indicate that the pandemic has significantly disrupted institutional operations, worsened health concerns for officers, and created confusion regarding containment procedures.

CRIME & DELINQUENCY (2022)

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Article

Can’t Shake the Prison Guard Blues: Examining the Effects of Work Stress, Job Satisfaction, Boundary Violations, and the Mistreatment of Inmates on the Depressive Symptomatology of Correctional Officers

Robert M. Worley et al.

Criminal Justice Review (2022)

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Article Criminology & Penology

'Covid-19 has caused a dramatic change to prison life'. Analysing the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on the pains of imprisonment in the Scottish Prison Estate

Matthew Maycock

Summary: The study explored the impact of COVID-19 in the Scottish Prison Estate, analyzing how the pandemic heightened the pains of imprisonment for participants in terms of communication, isolation, and detachment from normal life in prison. The participatory correspondence methodology allowed project participants to influence the project direction by suggesting research questions, providing unique insights into the enhanced challenges faced by prisoners during the pandemic.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF CRIMINOLOGY (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

COVID-19 in corrections: Quarantine of incarcerated people

Morgan Maner et al.

Summary: The study found that there are variations in the definitions of quarantine within the US prison systems, with most states not aligning with all CDC recommendations. Only a few states provide quarantine data, highlighting the need for standardization of definitions and transparency in data reporting to better understand the effectiveness of quarantine practices in mitigating COVID-19 outbreaks in carceral settings.

PLOS ONE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effectiveness of interventions to reduce COVID-19 transmission in a large urban jail: a model-based analysis

Giovanni S. P. Malloy et al.

Summary: By modeling, interventions such as depopulation, increasing the proportion of single cells, and testing asymptomatic individuals in jails were found to effectively mitigate COVID-19 transmission, preventing approximately 83% of projected cases, hospitalizations, and deaths over 83 days.

BMJ OPEN (2021)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Willingness to Receive a COVID-19 Vaccination Among Incarcerated or Detained Persons in Correctional and Detention Facilities - Four States, September-December 2020

Marc F. Stern et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2021)

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Editorial Material Geriatrics & Gerontology

The growing geriatric prison population: A dire public health consequence of mass incarceration

Brie Williams et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Association Between Prison Crowding and COVID-19 Incidence Rates in Massachusetts Prisons, April 2020-January 2021

Abigail Leibowitz et al.

Summary: This study found that increased prison crowding was associated with increased incidence rates of COVID-19 within 14 Massachusetts state prisons. Conversely, a higher proportion of incarcerated people being housed in single-cell units was associated with lower COVID-19 incidence rates. Additionally, COVID-19 transmission in the surrounding county was consistently linked to COVID-19 incidence rates in the prisons.

JAMA INTERNAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Criminology & Penology

Incarceration as a Fundamental Social Cause of Health Inequalities: Jails, Prisons and Vulnerability to COVID-19

Meghan A. Novisky et al.

Summary: The research argues that incarceration is a potent structural driver of health inequalities and a fundamental social cause of disease. It also suggests that currently and formerly incarcerated populations are likely to face heightened vulnerabilities to pandemics, exacerbating health disparities among incarceration-exposed groups, including COVID-19.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF CRIMINOLOGY (2021)

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Article Criminology & Penology

Risk and implications of COVID-19 among the community supervised population

Carmen Gutierrez et al.

Summary: This study found that men under community supervision are more vulnerable to COVID-19 and have less access to health insurance. Therefore, they should be prioritized for COVID-19 vaccination and emergency Medicaid coverage.

CRIMINOLOGY & PUBLIC POLICY (2021)

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Article Criminology & Penology

The policy lessons learned from the criminal justice system response to COVID-19

Alex R. Piquero

CRIMINOLOGY & PUBLIC POLICY (2021)

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Article Political Science

A behavioural model of heuristics and biases in frontline policy implementation

Alice Moseley et al.

Summary: This article discusses the role of behavioural public administration in improving understanding of frontline policy implementation, highlighting the impact of human factors on policy implementation. By analyzing behavioral and street-level bureaucracy literature, it proposes testable propositions that emphasize how bounded rationality influences policy implementation and outcomes.

POLICY AND POLITICS (2021)

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Article Criminology & Penology

What does the public want police to do during pandemics? A national experiment

Justin Nix et al.

Summary: The survey found that during the COVID-19 pandemic, the public has divided views on policing tactics, with a strong preference for police patrols and officers on call. Those who perceive police procedural justice are more willing to trust officers in times of crisis and empower them to enforce new laws. Police departments must proactively communicate with the public about the risks their officers face during public health crises or natural disasters, and be willing to adjust based on community feedback.

CRIMINOLOGY & PUBLIC POLICY (2021)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal