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Article
Oncology
Patricia Gonzalez-Callejo et al.
Summary: Tumor-secreted extracellular vesicles play a crucial role in the establishment and growth of metastatic tumors. The diversity among these vesicles, particularly in triple-negative breast cancer, has not been fully explored. This study found that vesicles secreted by cancer stem cells and differentiated cancer cells have distinct effects on the tumor microenvironment, promoting different aspects of tumor growth and metastasis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Rabea J. Madel et al.
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have the potential to suppress acute inflammation and promote tissue regeneration. However, there are variations in the immunomodulatory capabilities of different MSC-EV preparations. Therefore, the therapeutic potency of each individual MSC-EV preparation should be evaluated before clinical application.
Review
Oncology
Lucia Robado de Lope et al.
Summary: Cancer is considered an evolutionary disease where tumor cells adapt to the environment and eventually form metastasis. Communication between tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment via extracellular vesicles (EVs) is crucial for the success of the metastatic process. Recent studies suggest that tumor-derived EVs not only modify the microenvironment to facilitate tumor progression but also induce malignant transformation in cells outside the primary tumor. Further research is needed to understand the role of EVs in cancer progression and metastasis, which may have implications for novel cancer treatments.
MOLECULAR ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Yufan Zhu et al.
Summary: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are commonly used for cellular therapy due to their immunosuppressive and regenerative effects. However, MSCs undergo extensive apoptosis after transplantation. During apoptosis, MSCs generate apoptotic extracellular vesicles (MSCs-ApoEVs), which play a critical role in intercellular communication and tissue regeneration. This review provides a detailed overview of the production, release, isolation, functionality, and potential clinical applications of MSCs-ApoEVs.
Article
Cell Biology
Simon Heidegger et al.
Summary: Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a role in immune evasion and tumor progression through the RNA-sensing receptor RIG-I. Activation of RIG-I releases EVs that promote dendritic cell maturation and T cell antitumor immunity, synergizing with immune checkpoint blockade. Intact RIG-I, autocrine interferon signaling, and the GTPase Rab27a are necessary for the generation of immunostimulatory EVs. The composition of the EV RNA cargo, including small non-coding stimulatory RNAs, is regulated by active intrinsic RIG-I signaling. Increased transcriptional activity of EV pathway genes and RIG-I in melanoma samples is associated with prolonged patient survival and positive response to immunotherapy. EVs generated from human melanoma after RIG-I stimulation induce potent antigen-specific T cell responses.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Akira Yokoi et al.
Summary: Cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) could be potential targets for disease biomarkers due to their unique protein profiles. Analysis of small EVs (sEVs) and medium/large EVs (m/lEVs) revealed that both subtypes had distinct proteomic characteristics. Specific sEV proteins (FRa, Claudin-3, and TACSTD2) for high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) were identified, while no candidates were found for m/lEVs. Additionally, a microfluidic device using polyketone-coated nanowires (pNWs) was developed for efficient sEV isolation and showed specific detectability in cancer patients and predicted clinical status.
Article
Oncology
Tomoya Hikita et al.
Summary: Cancer cells secrete EVs derived from MVBs, and the MEK/ERK pathway controls MVB fate and promotes EV production in cancer cells by inactivating lysosomal function.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Rob Knight et al.
Summary: Researchers have developed an immortalized oral progenitor cell line that produces small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) capable of promoting wound healing and inhibiting scar formation. These oral sEVs show higher potency and functionality compared to sEVs derived from other cell sources, making them a preferred product for therapeutic development. This study provides a new option for non-scarring wound healing in clinical settings.
STEM CELLS TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Raphael J. Crum et al.
Summary: Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine focus on developing new techniques, devices, and materials to replace or repair injured or diseased tissue and organs. These approaches use cells, scaffolds, and signaling molecules to promote repair and regeneration. Extracellular vesicles have emerged as key mediators of tissue regeneration and repair.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Hector M. Ramos-Zaldivar et al.
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are non-replicative particles released from cells. The mechanism of bidirectional EVs transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is poorly understood. Current research lacks direct visualization of EVs transcytosis through the BBB in mammals, with most studies relying on in vitro models that do not consider the combined effect of all cellular layers constituting the BBB. Further research using in vitro and in vivo methodologies is needed to clarify these issues.
FLUIDS AND BARRIERS OF THE CNS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Alessio Lanna et al.
Summary: It was discovered that some T cells can elongate telomeres by acquiring telomere vesicles from antigen-presenting cells, independently of telomerase action, which contributes to delaying the aging process.
NATURE CELL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biology
Yong Jin et al.
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are naturally released membrane vesicles that act as carriers of proteins and RNAs for intercellular communication. With high efficiency and specificity, EVs provide a novel form of information transfer compared to classical signal transduction. In addition, EVs can collect extracellular information, extending the concept of signal transduction. The functions of EVs have been extensively studied and show great potential for clinical applications. However, the biogenesis of EVs and the regulation of this process by extracellular signals remain unclear.
BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Shalmali Pendse et al.
Summary: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) regulate the fate of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) through cell-cell interactions and paracrine mechanisms. CoCl2-treated MSCs have inhibited growth due to activation of the NF-kappa B signaling pathway, which also blocks their communication with co-cultured HSCs. This communication is essential for effective hematopoiesis, as it involves adhesion molecules and HSC-supportive factors in the MSCs.
STEM CELL REVIEWS AND REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Layaly Shkair et al.
Summary: The prevention and control of infectious diseases is crucial, with vaccination being an effective approach. Microvesicles are suggested as potential vehicles for antigen delivery, carrying various immunogenic molecules directly to target cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Rossella Crescitelli et al.
Summary: This study presents a protocol for isolating multiple EV subpopulations directly from tissues, including enzymatic treatment, ultracentrifugation, density separation, electron microscopy characterization, etc., which can be completed in 22 hours. The approach can be applied to tissues such as human melanoma metastases and can be adopted by researchers experienced with cell culture and EV isolation.
Review
Oncology
Maarten P. Bebelman et al.
Summary: The discovery of cancer cells releasing large quantities of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has sparked a rapid growth in the field, leading to research on their functions in cancer and potential therapeutic interventions. However, understanding the mechanisms behind EV biogenesis in cancer cells and identifying targets distinct from normal physiology remain key challenges in this area of study.
Article
Biology
Pallavi Budgude et al.
Summary: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been highlighted as a promising source for regenerative therapies, with studies showing their therapeutic effects through the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Optimizing cryopreservation strategies for EVs could aid in their long-term storage and development as off-the-shelf biologics, improving their functionality for ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in regenerative medicine.
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Sangiliyandi Gurunathan et al.
Summary: Exosomes are nanoscale membrane vesicles secreted by cells, which play important roles in intercellular communication and disease diagnosis. Research on exosomes has great potential in biomedical fields, but the underlying biological mechanisms require further exploration.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Renato M. S. Cardoso et al.
Summary: The article presents an optimized and scalable process for isolating extracellular vesicles (EV) smaller than 200 nm, secreted by umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (UCB-MNC), providing a method foundation for further research in regenerative medicine. The use of ultrafiltration and size exclusion chromatography (UF/SEC) showed superior benefits compared to traditional ultracentrifugation (UC), allowing for increased vesicle yield and potential for mass production in a clinical setting.
STEM CELLS TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Su-Ran Li et al.
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bilayer membrane structures secreted by most cell types, acting as messengers through the transfer of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids to influence cellular processes. Tissue-derived EVs (Ti-EVs) offer advantages such as tissue specificity and accurate reflection of the tissue microenvironment, playing important roles in intercellular communication and disease development insights. Current research on Ti-EVs is limited compared to body fluid or cell culture-derived EVs, highlighting the need for further exploration in basic and clinical applications.
JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cristina Bellotti et al.
Summary: A new two-step fast performance liquid chromatography (FPLC) protocol has been developed for the purification of large numbers of extracellular vesicles (EVs), resulting in higher purity and more selective enrichment of exosomes. The method combines size exclusion chromatography with immobilized metal affinity chromatography for efficient separation of different types of EVs. This new approach holds promise for the isolation of defined subpopulations of EVs with preserved biological function that can be easily scaled up for production of larger amounts of EVs.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Domenica Giannandrea et al.
Summary: Bone is a common site for cancer metastasis, with spread to the bone associated with poor prognosis, pain, increased fracture risk, and hypercalcemia. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a role in this metastatic process, potentially affecting tumor metastasis formation.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Ji Yong Lee et al.
Summary: Regenerative medicine aims to restore damaged tissues and organs, with extracellular vesicles (EVs) being a promising approach due to their ability to overcome limitations of cell therapies and be engineered for specific purposes. Over the past decade, EVs have emerged as a therapeutic agent for various diseases and conditions due to their multifaceted biological functions.
TISSUE ENGINEERING AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Jancy Johnson et al.
Summary: MSCs, as a leading cell source for stem cell therapy, have regenerative and immunomodulatory properties, but face challenges in clinical applications. EVs and EEVs, as potential cell-free alternatives, may overcome these challenges in the clinical application of MSCs.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Susana Garcia-Silva et al.
Summary: Peinado and colleagues demonstrate that melanoma-secreted small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and NGFR cargo can induce lymphangiogenesis and promote lymph node pre-metastatic niche formation, facilitating melanoma metastasis. Targeting NGFR could potentially prevent this process in pre-clinical settings.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yiwen Chen et al.
Summary: Extracellular vesicles are membranous structures released by cells to transport biomolecules and signaling molecules between cells, with small sEVs and larger EVs being the two main types categorized by size. These vesicles are no longer considered waste products, but rather regulators of intercellular communication with specific cargos sorted into them through different mechanisms.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Pallavi Budgude et al.
Summary: Research has shown that ex vivo expanded MSCs display activated p38 MAPK signaling and increased oxidative stress, leading to compromised hematopoietic stem cell support functions. Priming MSCs with a p-38 MAPK inhibitor can enhance their niche-supportive abilities, improving the outcome of regenerative therapies involving in vitro cultured MSCs.
STEM CELL REVIEWS AND REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Nikki Salmond et al.
Summary: EVs are nanometer sized particles released by cells, playing important roles in cell communication and therapeutic delivery. However, lack of standardization in isolating and characterizing EVs calls for more rigorous methods and standardization.
NANOSCALE ADVANCES
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Fumin Yuan et al.
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanovesicles released by various cell types, known for their potent biological activities. While -80 degrees C is considered as the most favorable condition for storage, challenges remain in understanding the impact of storage conditions on EVs, indicating further research is needed.
Review
Biochemical Research Methods
Andrew M. Leidal et al.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Chao Liu et al.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2020)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Natalia L. Klyachko et al.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Vaijayanti P. Kale
STEM CELLS AND DEVELOPMENT
(2019)
Article
Cell Biology
Mathilde Mathieu et al.
NATURE CELL BIOLOGY
(2019)
Article
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Sapana Jalnapurkar et al.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniel E. Murphy et al.
EXPERIMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2019)
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Rohan Kulkarni et al.
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Cell Biology
Guillaume van Niel et al.
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY
(2018)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Maarten P. Bebelman et al.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2018)
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Karin Pachler et al.
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Medicine, Research & Experimental
Raghu Kalluri
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2016)
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Shweta Singh et al.
Editorial Material
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Sang-Ging Ong et al.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2015)
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Bruno Costa-Silva et al.
NATURE CELL BIOLOGY
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