The significance of structural rich club hubs for the processing of hierarchical stimuli

The brain's structural network follows a hierarchy that is described as rich club (RC) organization, with RC hubs forming the well-interconnected top of this hierarchy. In this study, we tested whether RC hubs are involved in the processing of hierarchically higher structures in stimulus sequences. Moreover, we explored the role of previously suggested cortical gradients along anterior-posterior and medial-lateral axes throughout the frontal cortex. To this end, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment and presented participants with blocks of digit sequences that were structured on different hierarchically nested levels. We additionally collected diffusion weighted imaging data of the same subjects to identify RC hubs. This classification then served as the basis for a region of interest analysis of the fMRI data. Moreover, we determined structural network centrality measures in areas that were found as activation clusters in the whole-brain fMRI analysis. Our findings support the previously found anterior and medial shift for processing hierarchically higher structures of stimuli. Additionally, we found that the processing of hierarchically higher structures of the stimulus structure engages RC hubs more than for lower levels. Areas involved in the functional processing of hierarchically higher structures were also more likely to be part of the structural RC and were furthermore more central to the structural network. In summary, our results highlight the potential role of the structural RC organization in shaping the cortical processing hierarchy. We collected functional magnetic resonance imaging data during presentation of hierarchically structured stimuli, and diffusion weighted imaging data to identify the hierarchical rich club architecture in the same subjects. Integrating functional and structural data revealed an anterior-medial frontal shift and engagement of rich club hubs for processing hierarchically higher stimulus structures.image

Automated summary

This study investigates the role of rich club hubs in processing hierarchically higher structures in stimulus sequences using both functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion weighted imaging data. The findings suggest that rich club hubs are more engaged in processing higher level structures and are more central in the structural network.