A review on existing and emerging approaches for textile wastewater treatments: challenges and future perspectives

This comprehensive review explores the complex environment of textile wastewater treatment technologies, highlighting both well-established and emerging techniques. Textile wastewater poses a significant environmental challenge, containing diverse contaminants and chemicals. The review presents a detailed examination of conventional treatments such as coagulation, flocculation, and biological processes, highlighting their effectiveness and limitations. In textile industry, various textile operations such as sizing, de-sizing, dyeing, bleaching, and mercerization consume large quantities of water generating effluent high in color, chemical oxygen demand, and solids. The dyes, mordants, and variety of other chemicals used in textile processing lead to effluent variable in characteristics. Furthermore, it explores innovative and emerging techniques, including advanced oxidation processes, membrane filtration, and nanotechnology-based solutions. Future perspectives in textile wastewater treatment are discussed in-depth, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary research, technological advancements, and the integration of circular economy principles. Numerous dyes used in the textile industry have been shown to have mutagenic, cytotoxic, and ecotoxic potential in studies. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the methods used to remediate textile waste water. Major topics including the chemical composition of textile waste water, the chemistry of the dye molecules, the selection of a treatment technique, the benefits and drawbacks of the various treatment options, and the cost of operation are also addressed. Overall, this review offers a valuable resource for researchers and industry professionals working in the textile industry, pointing towards a more sustainable and environmentally responsible future.

Automated summary

This comprehensive review provides an in-depth exploration of various textile wastewater treatment technologies, including traditional and emerging techniques. It highlights the challenges posed by textile wastewater, which contains diverse contaminants and chemicals. The review examines conventional treatments like coagulation, flocculation, and biological processes, discussing their effectiveness and limitations. It also explores advanced oxidation processes, membrane filtration, and nanotechnology-based solutions. The review emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary research, technological advancements, and the integration of circular economy principles in the future of textile wastewater treatment. It also addresses the need to assess the methods used to remediate textile wastewater and discusses major topics like the chemical composition of textile wastewater, the chemistry of dye molecules, treatment technique selection, benefits and drawbacks of different treatment options, and operational costs. Overall, this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and industry professionals in the textile industry, guiding towards a sustainable and environmentally responsible future.