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Article
Management
David Feltenius et al.
Summary: This article analyzes the position of the public provider in the marketization of home-care services in Swedish municipalities. The statistical analysis shows that the public provider is a strong player in most municipalities, but there is variation in its position.
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Public Administration
Eric Carlstrom et al.
Summary: The aim of this study is to map the process of terminating a long-standing business relationship in a public context. The study suggests that caution is needed when backsourcing services from a closely intertwined contractor.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
(2023)
Article
Regional & Urban Planning
Mildred E. Warner
Summary: At the local government level in the US, the process of privatisation has been a dynamic one, with experimentation and a return to public delivery when privatisation fails. Pragmatic concerns about service cost and quality drive this experimentation, influenced by service and market characteristics, local government capacity, and regulatory framework. While some shifts favor private actors, federal investments since COVID-19 support maintaining a public role.
LOCAL GOVERNMENT STUDIES
(2023)
Article
Social Work
Tomas Lindmark et al.
Summary: Public sector reforms have led to an increase in subcontracted nursing homes in Sweden. Municipalities contract out these homes to various providers through procurement documents, aiming to achieve care equality. However, the demands on caregivers have increased while their empowerment is barely mentioned. Different municipalities have varying approaches to provider competition in the procurement process.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WORK
(2023)
Review
Business, Finance
Johan Berlin et al.
Summary: This article provides a systematic review of the literature on backsourcing and compares the similarities and differences in backsourcing between the private and public sectors. It analyzes the methods, theories, and reasons behind backsourcing based on an analysis of 500 articles and 33 final data set articles. The results show that increased costs, lack of quality, and contract problems are the main causes of backsourcing in the private sector, while loss of control, cost saving, and changed strategy are the reasons in the public sector.
FINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY & MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Social Work
Linda Moberg
Summary: This article explores the 2009 user choice reform in Swedish elderly care and analyzes how policymakers balanced the tension between choice and equal access to quality care for older citizens. It addresses three research questions regarding users' roles and responsibilities, the role of local authorities, and the notion of social citizenship for older people. The findings indicate that the reform encouraged users to make choices but also held them responsible for ensuring service quality, while advocating for local authorities to ensure quality through contracts with authorized providers. The article suggests that the reform promotes a more libertarian notion of social citizenship, emphasizing individual responsibility.
NORDIC SOCIAL WORK RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Management
Wan-Ju Hung et al.
Summary: This manuscript provides a systematic review of existing literature on contracting back-in, describing the phenomenon and discussing its implications for bringing the state back in. The findings suggest that contracting back-in is as common as contracting out and is driven by managerial, political, and environmental factors.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Political Science
Johan M. Berlin et al.
Summary: This study contributes to the understanding of involuntary backsourcing practices in public organizations and its impact on the relationship between principal and agent. The findings show that during the transition phase, there is a paradoxical situation where the relationship between principal and agent is characterized by dependence, mutual exchange of information, collaboration, and less conflict. This research highlights the importance of contingency plans for public organizations making outsourcing decisions to bring operations back in-house.
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
(2022)
Article
Management
Daniel Albalate et al.
Summary: Recent studies have found that service characteristics and institutional factors play a significant role in the implementation of re-municipalization, particularly the strong network characteristics which are associated with lower probabilities of implementation and longer processes. Interestingly, the re-municipalization of personal services is more likely to be fully implemented and finalized faster. Moreover, the probability of implementing reforms increased after the great recession.
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT REVIEW
(2022)
Article
Management
Paula Blomqvist et al.
Summary: The challenge for governments in contracting out public services is to hold accountable contractors who fail to meet agreed-upon standards. Contract monitoring in social services is complicated due to incomplete contracts and difficulties in assessing performance. In this study, the researchers examined how local governments in Sweden hold private contractors accountable in nursing home care, finding that a combination of accountability mechanisms was used, with social accountability being the most effective. Market accountability measures such as contract termination and financial sanctions were not enforceable due to the lack of capacity in local governments.
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT REVIEW
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Thomas M. Hanna et al.
Summary: The United States has experienced swings between public and private operation of water services for over 150 years, with the most recent swing being towards remunicipalization. This remunicipalization is largely driven by 'pragmatic' reasons such as cost savings and service quality, but there are also signs of more 'politicized' forms of remunicipalization emerging.
Article
Public Administration
Bart Voorn
Summary: There is a growing body of literature on the remunicipalization of local public services, but debates continue regarding its causes. Political and pragmatic factors are frequently cited as reasons for remunicipalization, while environmental factors are also deemed relevant. The qualitative and quantitative literature on remunicipalization show significant differences, highlighting the need for further research synthesis in this area.
INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Public Administration
Daniel Albalate et al.
Summary: Since the early 2000s, the terms 're-municipalization' and 'reverse privatization' have been used to describe governments taking back ownership of assets and services. Different methods are used for re-municipalization, with contract termination and expiration being the most common. Analysis suggests a recurrence of historical patterns in the current re-municipalization process.
INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Business, Finance
Magnus Jansson et al.
Summary: Research suggests that the phenomena of bringing previously outsourced services back in-house in local government organizations is driven by factors such as political ambitions, economic considerations, managerial concerns, and pragmatic issues. Local governments should view outsourcing and backsourcing as interdependent phenomena in a dynamic sourcing strategy, rather than opposite approaches. Outsourcing decisions are influenced by political and economic factors, while backsourcing decisions are driven by managerial and pragmatic considerations.
FINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY & MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Development Studies
Henrik Jordahl et al.
Summary: Sweden introduced a freedom-of-choice reform in 2009, but in recent years, an increasing number of municipalities have abolished this system, with the majority of these abolishing municipalities being situated in rural areas with fewer inhabitants. Research suggests that decreases in the market share of private providers, political shifts towards the left, and rising costs are related to the abolition of choice systems.
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC POLICY REFORM
(2021)
Article
Development Studies
Bart Voorn et al.
Summary: The remunicipalization literature suggests that the rejection of privatization in favor of in-house service delivery does not necessarily mean a rejection of business-like service delivery. Often, remunicipalization involves corporatization and cost savings rather than solely political ideology. Therefore, a more nuanced debate on remunicipalization is called for in the literature.
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC POLICY REFORM
(2021)
Article
Development Studies
Mildred E. Warner et al.
Summary: A national survey of US local governments found that service outcomes such as quality, cost savings, and efficiency are the primary drivers of re-municipalization, rather than political pressures. Logistic regression analysis revealed that larger, urban and suburban local governments with professional management and higher service capacity are more likely to undergo re-municipalization. Fiscal stress perception, local debt, and unionization rates were found to have no effect on the likelihood of re-municipalization. Consequently, re-municipalization in the US appears to be a pragmatic process of contract management, not primarily driven by political interests.
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC POLICY REFORM
(2021)
Article
Management
Fariborz Damanpour et al.
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT REVIEW
(2020)
Article
Development Studies
Sanna Hardell et al.
SOCIAL POLICY & ADMINISTRATION
(2020)
Article
Urban Studies
Raymond Gradus et al.
URBAN AFFAIRS REVIEW
(2020)
Article
Management
Pooja Thakur-Wernz
JOURNAL OF GLOBAL OPERATIONS AND STRATEGIC SOURCING
(2019)
Article
Political Science
David Feltenius et al.
JOURNAL OF CIVIL SOCIETY
(2019)
Article
Public Administration
Hellmut Wollmann
INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC MANAGEMENT JOURNAL
(2018)
Article
Regional & Urban Planning
Germa Bel et al.
LOCAL GOVERNMENT STUDIES
(2018)
Article
Political Science
Arvid Lindh et al.
SCANDINAVIAN POLITICAL STUDIES
(2018)
Article
Public Administration
Linda Moberg
JOURNAL OF SOCIAL POLICY
(2017)
Article
Regional & Urban Planning
Ming Guo et al.
LOCAL GOVERNMENT STUDIES
(2017)
Article
Management
Ylva Noren Bretzer et al.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT
(2016)
Article
Public Administration
Linda Moberg et al.
JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN SOCIAL POLICY
(2016)
Article
Public Administration
Ole Helby Petersen et al.
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW
(2015)
Article
Economics
David Hall et al.
INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF APPLIED ECONOMICS
(2013)
Article
Economics
Mikael Elinder et al.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY
(2013)
Article
Regional & Urban Planning
Mildred E. Warner et al.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PLANNING ASSOCIATION
(2012)
Article
Management
Suzanne Young et al.
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT REVIEW
(2012)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ragnar Stolt et al.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2009)
Article
Political Science
A Hefetz et al.
JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION RESEARCH AND THEORY
(2004)
