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Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Tieble Traore et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the shortcomings of current assessments of preparedness and response capacities for public health emergencies. Existing frameworks lack consideration for complex factors such as social, economic, political, regulatory, and ecological aspects. One Health provides a valuable approach to analyze existing assessment frameworks and propose new paths forward by focusing on the interconnectedness of humans, animals, and ecosystems. To effectively address the range of complex systems involved in health emergencies, assessments should take into account how stakeholders define problems and the socio-political environments in which structures and institutions operate. The current frameworks inadequately consider anthropogenic factors in disease emergence and fail to address the full range of health security hazards across the social-ecological system. It is crucial for health security assessment frameworks to adhere to core One Health principles, prioritize capacity building, and evaluate interventions and outcomes in terms of added value, trade-offs, and co-benefits across human, animal, and environmental health systems.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Azza Elnaiem et al.
Summary: The apparent failure of global health security in preventing or preparing for the COVID-19 pandemic has emphasized the need for closer cooperation between human, animal, and environmental health sectors. However, the complex global governance of One Health, with its many institutions, processes, and legal instruments, has resulted in a fragmented multilateral health security architecture. This article examines four challenges in achieving effective One Health governance, including sectoral and institutional barriers, legal complexities, power dynamics in multilateral institutions, and inadequate financing mechanisms for prevention and preparedness activities. Three case studies are used to illustrate the global and regional dimensions of these challenges. The article concludes with 12 recommendations for addressing these challenges and emphasizes the importance of addressing social-ecological drivers of health emergencies beyond the expertise of human and domestic animal health experts.
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jessica M. Lee et al.
Summary: This scoping review explores priority areas and indicators for public health emergency preparedness (PHEP) with a focus on infectious disease emergencies. The findings reveal key themes including collaborative networks, community engagement, risk analysis, and communication. Additional themes related to infectious diseases were also identified, such as mitigating inequities, research and evidence-informed decision making, and building capacity for vaccination.
Article
Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
Michael Touchton et al.
Summary: Populist leaders have responded poorly to the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in a disproportionately high number of cases and deaths in their countries relative to their populations.
SOCIAL SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Thomas J. Bollyky et al.
Summary: This study analyzed the global rates of COVID-19 infection and fatality. The results suggest that the variation in infection and fatality rates cannot be fully explained. Trust in government and interpersonal trust, as well as less corruption, are associated with lower infection rates and higher vaccination coverage.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Felicia Marie Knaul et al.
Summary: The study found high heterogeneity, consistency, and centralization in nonpharmaceutical intervention policies at the subnational level in Latin American countries responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. Results indicate the important role of subnational policies in crisis response, but also emphasize the need for coordinated national policies.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Fernando Ruiz-Gómez et al.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
[Anonymous]
LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH
(2022)
Article
International Relations
Lee Jones et al.
Summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic, global health governance, especially the World Health Organisation, failed due to its pursuit of an illusory globalist approach and lack of capacity-building at the national level. The neoliberal approach to global governance, characterized by metagovernance and state transformation, hollows out international organizations and weakens nation-states, leading to the failure of global health governance even before COVID-19.
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Jeffrey D. Sachs et al.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Georgina Phillips et al.
Summary: This study explores the experience of leadership and governance during the COVID-19 pandemic from frontline clinicians and stakeholders in the Pacific region. The findings highlight the profound influence of politics on pandemic response effectiveness, with transparent communication, collaboration, mutual respect, and trust playing key roles in effective governance. The cultural assets of the Pacific region enhance the ability to respond to the pandemic.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-WESTERN PACIFIC
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Michael Touchton et al.
Summary: The national-level NPI responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil showed wide variation, with state policies not being homogenous or synchronized. The study found that opposition governors implemented more stringent sanitary measures earlier than those supporting the Bolsonaro administration. A strong, unified national response is crucial for keeping the population safe during a pandemic.
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Calla Hummel et al.
LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Johnathan H. Duff et al.
Summary: The lack of WHO authority to monitor and enforce health regulations leads to inadequate global preparedness for disease outbreaks. A new global collective action framework is needed to ensure compliance with international regulations and enhance prevention and response to pandemics. Recommendations for a new global health security convention include greater authority for a global governing body, improved pandemic response, and effective enforcement mechanisms.
LANCET PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Matteo Bolcato et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the chronic inequality in global healthcare, with vaccination as a key tool to address this issue. Equitable criteria of justice should be identified and applied to vaccination access and administration order.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Felicia Marie Knaul et al.
Summary: The study introduces a new concept, "Punt Politics", and applies it to COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions in Mexico and Brazil. Both countries exhibit characteristics of Punt Politics, including delegating responsibility to sub-national entities, lack of coordination, and disregard for scientific evidence, resulting in poor pandemic responses.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-AMERICAS
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Andrea Ramirez Varela et al.
Summary: The study found that younger age, living with more than three cohabitants, living with a confirmed case, having no affiliation to the health system, lower socioeconomic status, and working in essential occupations were associated with a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, these populations should be prioritized in pandemic mitigation strategies such as screening, contact tracing, and vaccination.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-AMERICAS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
David L. Heymann et al.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sandhi M. Barreto et al.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2012)
Article
Anthropology
Nataliya V. Ivankova et al.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Maud M. T. E. Huynen et al.
GLOBALIZATION AND HEALTH
(2005)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
T von Lengerke
SOZIAL-UND PRAVENTIVMEDIZIN
(2004)
