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Review
Spectroscopy
Iqbal Jalaludin et al.
Summary: Exosomes, as small extracellular vesicles, play a crucial role in living organisms for processes like cell proliferation and intercellular communication. They have been extensively studied as biomarkers for various diseases. This review focuses on the enrichment methods, characterization techniques, and recent trends in exosome analysis using mass spectrometry-based approaches for biomarker discovery.
MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Biochemical Research Methods
Tania Soares Martins et al.
Summary: Exosomes are valuable sources of disease biomarkers and therapeutic tools. However, isolating extracellular vesicles with exosome-like characteristics from certain biofluids is still challenging due to the complexity and specific properties of each biofluid. This review summarizes and discusses comparative studies on different exosome isolation methods from human biofluids, including challenges, physical properties, and potential variation sources.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Guangyao Wu et al.
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane vesicles enclosed by lipid membranes found in various body fluids, and they play a significant role in intercellular communication due to their diverse biomolecular composition. However, EVs exhibit high heterogeneity in terms of physical properties and biomolecular composition, necessitating the study of single-cell and single-particle EV analysis for precise analysis and functional evaluation. Microfluidic platforms integrated with cell manipulation, EV enrichment, and sensitive nucleic acid and protein detection offer the possibility of studying single-cell EVs. This review summarizes the current status of single-cell EV and single EV particle studies using microfluidic platforms and advanced detection tools, while also discussing the importance of single-cell EV heterogeneity and future developments.
TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Kaylan K. Jackson et al.
Summary: This study presents a rapid and efficient method for isolating exosomes from cell culture medium. The method allows for high-yield purification of exosomes and has potential applications in research and production fields.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Qian Wu et al.
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important cell surrogates that have wide applications in clinical diagnosis and treatment. However, the heterogeneity and small size of EVs present technical barriers to their clinical translation. This article provides a critical overview of emerging technologies in EVs field for biomedical applications, discusses the current methods for EVs isolation and identification, and presents engineering strategies for scalable production and improved cargo loading. The superior clinical potential of EVs, particularly in terms of different cell origins and their application in the next generation of diagnostic and treatment platforms, is emphasized.
Review
Biochemical Research Methods
Megan Havers et al.
Summary: Techniques enabling reproducible separation of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from biofluids are in great demand. Microfluidic devices offer a toolbox for separating EVs from small sample volumes, but further improvements and standardization are needed. These devices isolate intact EV populations at higher purities than other methods, but challenges such as low throughput and clogging risks still exist.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Jaime Martínez-García et al.
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Marta Aranaz et al.
Summary: Human biological fluids are diverse and can vary greatly in volume, with special considerations needed for sampling from newborns and infants. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a suitable technique for determining trace elements in biological fluids, aiding in biochemical process interpretation and disease diagnosis. Research efforts have been focused on enhancing the capabilities of ICP-MS for analyzing microsamples, with examples of applications in the clinical field.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yuhuan Cheng et al.
Summary: This study proposed a new method for direct detection of exosomes in complicated biological samples. By using a cholesterol recognition assay and gold nanoparticles labeling, the method achieved the detection and signal amplification of exosomes, with high sensitivity and accuracy.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Olga Janouskova et al.
Summary: This review provides a brief summary of conventional and nonconventional sources of extracellular vesicles (EVs), storage conditions, isolation methods, and their significance in biomedical applications, especially in diagnostics, therapy, aging, and COVID-19-related issues.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Carlo Zambonin
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are recognized as a fundamental method for intercellular transfer of properties, containing various bioactive molecules and playing important roles in the tumor microenvironment. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) can lead in analyzing and characterizing EVs due to its advantages in high throughput, low sample consumption, speed, cost-effectiveness, and ease of use.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Review
Biochemical Research Methods
David Clases et al.
Summary: Inductively coupled-plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a versatile technique that has greatly advanced our understanding of the role of trace and major elements in biology. It has evolved to become a mature platform technology compatible with other techniques. This review summarizes the applications of ICP-MS in biomonitoring, isotope ratio analysis, elemental speciation analysis, and elemental bioimaging, as well as discusses current directions in ICP-MS and their potential in the medical sciences, including the characterization of nanomaterials for biomedical applications and the expansion of analysis capabilities to include biomolecules.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yuning Wang et al.
Summary: This study proposes an ultrasensitive method for quantitatively profiling protein biomarkers on the surface of exosomes, which can be used for cancer subtype diagnosis. The strategy shows potential prospects in biomarker discovery, cellular phenotype characterization, and cancer diagnosis due to its advantages in sensitivity, accuracy, and simplicity.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mikel Azkargorta et al.
Summary: The study enriched extracellular vesicles fraction from human serum using different techniques and found that ultracentrifugation yielded a unique protein set, while size exclusion chromatography removed lipoprotein-associated proteins. A polymer-based precipitation kit showed preference for proteins associated with platelet granules, while another kit targeting glycosylation molecules enriched proteins with glycosylation sites.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Xue-Wei Zhang et al.
Summary: This study developed a sensitive and high-throughput analytical strategy utilizing aptamers, gold nanoparticles, and doped up-conversion nanoparticles to simultaneously detect three exosomal proteins using ICP-MS. The method allowed for accurate differentiation of exosomes from seven cell lines and successful detection of exosomes in clinical samples, showing potential for early cancer identification.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Biochemical Research Methods
Janine Stam et al.
Summary: Extracellular vesicles are currently a hot topic in many research fields, and combining different EV isolation methods can enhance EV purity and yield. Studies have shown that combined EV isolation methods outperform single EV isolation methods, with size-exclusion chromatography in combination with low-speed centrifugation recommended as a starting point for optimal EV purity and yield.
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yingzhi Zhang et al.
Summary: Pancreatic cancer is difficult to detect early due to its location, but exosomes from cancer cells may offer a liquid biopsy option. A new dual-readout platform using ICP-MS and photothermal methods has been developed to detect pancreatic cancer exosomes with high sensitivity and point-of-care capabilities.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Biochemical Research Methods
Bordanaba-Florit Guillermo et al.
Summary: Understanding the heterogeneity of extracellular vesicles is crucial for unraveling their functions, but it also poses challenges for their application in medical diagnosis and therapies.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Shannon H. Hilton et al.
Summary: There is a growing need for new cancer diagnostic approaches, with extracellular vesicles (EVs) showing potential to provide earlier and more complete diagnostic information. Current methods for analyzing EVs are limited, but new approaches for single EV analysis are emerging, offering opportunities for studying biogenesis.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrea Schnatz et al.
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in CNS homeostasis by serving as versatile messengers in intercellular communication. They are involved in various physiological processes such as clearance of cellular components, mediation of trophic support, promotion of axonal maintenance, and modulation of neuroinflammation. Novel transgenic models and imaging technologies provide deeper insights into the functions and mechanisms of EVs in the nervous system.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Raghu Kalluri et al.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nao Nishida-Aoki et al.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Jinheng Wang et al.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Charles Williams et al.
Article
Theresa L. Whiteside
Wspolczesna Onkologia-Contemporary Oncology
(2018)
Article
Cell Biology
Davide Zabeo et al.
JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES
(2017)
