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Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Lauren Stewart Stafford et al.
Summary: This prospective observational study investigated the presence, durability, and neutralization capacity of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in breastfeeding infants' stool, mother's plasma, and milk following maternal vaccination. The results showed higher levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA and IgG in infant stool post-vaccination compared to controls. Maternal concentrations of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA and IgG decreased over 6 months post-vaccination but remained higher than pre-vaccination levels. Additionally, improved neutralization capacity was observed in milk and plasma after COVID-19 vaccination. These findings provide further evidence of the lasting transfer of antibodies through breastfeeding.
JOURNAL OF PERINATOLOGY
(2023)
Letter
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Marco Cosentino et al.
JOURNAL OF PERINATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Wan Muhammad Azfar Wan Shuaib et al.
Summary: This study investigated the factors affecting the production of S-RBD IgG and NTAb in different categories of healthcare workers. The results showed that the degree of exposure to COVID-19, breakthrough infections, and male gender are significant factors in NTAb production.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Sakthivel Govindaraj et al.
Summary: This study investigated the antibody response in pregnant women following COVID-19 vaccination and found that the vaccines induced high levels of antibodies in both maternal and cord blood. However, the neutralizing antibody levels against the Omicron variant were lower compared to other variants, suggesting a potential impact of this variant on vaccine efficacy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yarden Golan et al.
Summary: This study investigated the persistence of antibodies and symptoms in lactating women after vaccination or infection with SARS-CoV-2. The results showed that milk antibodies remained detectable for up to 8 months after vaccination, and infected mothers had higher levels of antibodies compared to those who received 3 doses of the vaccine. Infected mothers also reported more symptoms. Additionally, IgA antibodies were found to be more abundant than IgG antibodies in breast milk. These findings highlight the importance of improving the secretion of IgA antibodies in breast milk after vaccination for the protection of breastfeeding infants.
Article
Pediatrics
Bridget E. Young et al.
Summary: The study found that there were differences in antibody responses in human milk between parents with COVID-19 infection and those who received mRNA vaccination, with infection leading to a highly variable IgA-dominant response and vaccination leading to an IgG-dominant response. However, both groups showed human milk that exhibited neutralization activity against live SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Dustin D. Flannery et al.
Summary: This study found that maternal and cord blood IgG antibody levels were higher after COVID-19 vaccination compared with after SARS-CoV-2 infection, with slightly lower placental transfer ratios after vaccination than after infection. The findings suggest that time from infection or vaccination to delivery was the most important factor in transfer efficiency.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Paulina Szczygiol et al.
Summary: This study aimed to measure the levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA in human milk and serum after a SARS-CoV-2 infection. The results confirmed the presence of these antibodies in breastmilk and suggested that they may provide immunologic benefits to breastfeeding infants in terms of protection against virus transmission and severity of acquired COVID-19 disease.
BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Amy J. Schuh et al.
Summary: This study assessed the neutralizing and binding antibody concentrations in unvaccinated individuals with detectable antibodies. The results showed that most unvaccinated individuals with prior infection had antibody concentrations that met or exceeded the levels associated with 70% vaccine efficacy against COVID-19. However, only a small proportion had antibody concentrations that met or exceeded the levels associated with 90% vaccine efficacy, suggesting that vaccination is beneficial for individuals with prior COVID-19 to maximize protection against the disease.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kathryn M. Moore et al.
Summary: The impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy is still not well understood, but current research is focusing on the potential risks and complications that pregnant individuals may face when infected with SARS-CoV-2.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Caroline Atyeo et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 infection causes more severe disease in pregnant women compared to age-matched non-pregnant women. Transfer of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies across the placenta is significantly reduced compared to other infectious diseases like influenza and pertussis, but can be partially rescued by infection-induced increases in IgG and increased FCGR3A placental expression. These findings provide insights for maternal vaccine design to boost immunity in neonates.
Article
Microbiology
Ryan M. Pace et al.
Summary: This study did not detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in breast milk samples, indicating no transmission of the virus through milk. Breast milk from infected mothers contains anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG, which neutralizes the virus and supports the recommendation to continue breastfeeding during maternal COVID-19 illness.
Article
Pediatrics
Dustin D. Flannery et al.
Summary: Efficient transplacental transfer of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies supports the potential for maternally derived antibodies to provide neonatal protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection. This cohort study assesses the association between maternal and neonatal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific antibody concentrations.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yunda Huang et al.
Summary: The study compares two different neutralizing antibody assays used in COVID-19 vaccine efficacy trials and demonstrates that calibration approaches can be used to align the results from the two assays onto a common scale. This may assist in decision-making for evaluating and licensing new or adapted COVID-19 vaccines based on data from these assays.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Kathryn J. Gray et al.
Summary: The study found that pregnant and lactating women had equivalent antibody titers after receiving the coronavirus disease 2019 mRNA vaccine compared to nonpregnant women, and these titers were higher than those induced by natural infection. Vaccine-induced antibodies were present in umbilical cord blood and breastmilk samples, transferring immunity to neonates through placenta and breastmilk.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ai-ris Y. Collier et al.
Summary: This study assessed the immunogenicity of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in pregnant and lactating women, as well as the responses against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. The results showed that pregnant, lactating, and nonpregnant women developed antibody and T-cell responses following vaccination, with antibodies transferred to infant cord blood and breast milk. While antibody titers against the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants were reduced, T-cell responses remained against the viral variants.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David S. Khoury et al.
Summary: The level of neutralizing antibodies is closely related to immune protection against COVID-19, playing a crucial role in protecting against detected infection and severe infection. Studies have shown that neutralizing titers will decline over time after vaccination, leading to decreased protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Naima T. Joseph et al.
Summary: Following SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, pregnant women showed robust maternal neutralizing and anti-receptor-binding domain IgG response, but a lower-than-expected efficiency of transplacental antibody transfer was observed, along with a significant reduction in neutralization between maternal blood and cord blood. Maternal infection does confer some degree of neonatal antibody protection, but the robustness and durability of this protection need further study.
OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ofer Beharier et al.
Summary: The study demonstrates that the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine induces a strong maternal IgG response that crosses the placenta barrier to reach fetal titers within 15 days of the first dose. The transfer ratio of anti-COVID-19 antibodies from mother to neonate differs between vaccination and infection groups, with lower IgG transfer ratio for third-trimester compared to second-trimester infection. Additionally, fetal IgM response was only detected in neonates from the infected group.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lila S. Nolan et al.
Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
K. F. Walker et al.
BJOG-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY
(2020)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Vinayak Smith et al.
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Mitchell H. Katz
JAMA INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2020)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Fan Wu et al.
JAMA INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2020)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Lakshmi Panagiotakopoulos et al.
MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT
(2020)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Andrea G. Edlow et al.
Review
Immunology
Brigitte Keller-Stanislawski et al.
