4.7 Review

Advancements in the pathogenesis of hepatic osteodystrophy and the potential therapeutic of mesenchymal stromal cells

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Summary: In this study, a human pluripotent stem cell-derived liver culture model was used to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the rs738409 C>G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in susceptibility to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The study found that the I148M variant associated with rs738409 was involved in the development of NAFLD by enhancing IL-6/STAT3 activity. This study reveals a potential causal link between elevated IL-6/STAT3 activity and 148M-mediated susceptibility to NAFLD.

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Global burden of disease: acute-on-chronic liver failure, a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Summary: The study revealed high global prevalence and mortality rates of ACLF, with regional variations possibly explained by triggers/aetiology of CLD or grade.
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Defects in a liver-bone axis contribute to hepatic osteodystrophy disease progression

Ke Lu et al.

Summary: Hepatic osteodystrophy (HOD) is a metabolic bone disease associated with chronic liver disease. Upregulation of the phosphatase PP2Aca in the liver during HOD leads to downregulation of hepatokine lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). Loss of LCAT function exacerbates bone loss in HOD mice. Cholesterol levels play a role in the regulation of osteoblast and osteoclast activities. LCAT improves liver function and reduces liver fibrosis in the HOD mouse model by promoting cholesterol transport from bone to liver.

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Editorial Material Cell Biology

Reverse cholesterol transport and hepatic osteodystrophy

Mone Zaidi et al.

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Soy-whey dual-protein alleviates osteoporosis of ovariectomized rats via regulating bone fat metabolism through gut-liver-bone axis

Jingjie Zhang et al.

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The assessment of mesenchymal stem cells therapy in acute on chronic liver failure and chronic liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials

Yuwei Liu et al.

Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that MSCs therapy has potential efficacy in improving liver function in patients with chronic liver disease. It was found to improve MELD scores, albumin levels, and coagulation function, but had no significant effects on survival rate and aminotransferase levels. MSCs therapy showed therapeutic effects in patients with both acute on chronic liver failure and cirrhosis, and had a similar efficacy between BM-MSCs and UC-MSCs treatment. The therapy was generally safe with only fever as a reported adverse event.

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Natural Plant Tissue with Bioinspired Nano Amyloid and Hydroxyapatite as Green Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration

Yuzhou Li et al.

Summary: Bone defects are a growing problem worldwide, and traditional bone substitutes have limitations due to their limited resources and biosafety concerns. Plant-based scaffolds are being studied as an environmentally friendly alternative, but their bioinertia to mammalian cells hampers bone regeneration. This study proposes a novel concept of a plant bone substitute that involves coating decellularized plants with nano amyloids and nano hydroxyapatites, facilitating the connection between plant scaffolds and animal tissue regeneration. The natural microporosity of plants guides the alignment of mammalian cells and the bioactive nano amyloids drastically improve cell adhesion, viability, and proliferation. Furthermore, nano-hydroxyapatite crystals deposited on the amyloid promote osteogenic differentiation. In vivo experiments demonstrate successful trabeculae regeneration in the scaffold. This hierarchical design harnesses the unique microstructure of natural plants and the high bioactivity of the nano amyloid/hydroxyapatite coatings, providing an abundant resource for bone substitutes. Additionally, plant materials functionalized with these coatings have potential applications in tissue engineering and biomedical fields beyond bone regeneration.

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Mesenchymal stromal cells: promising treatment for liver cirrhosis

Lichao Yao et al.

Summary: Liver fibrosis is a wound-healing process characterized by excessive buildup of scar tissue within the liver. It can be caused by various factors, including lipid deposition, drugs, viruses, and autoimmune reactions. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have shown promise in repairing liver injury and promoting liver regeneration through cell migration, immune regulation, hepatogenic differentiation, and paracrine mechanisms.

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Simona Bolamperti et al.

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Zheng Ci et al.

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