Prostate-specific antigen: An unfamiliar protein in the human salivary glands

ObjectivesThe presence of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in saliva and salivary glands has been reported. Nevertheless, its release pathway in these glands remains to be elucidated. Here, we showed PSA subcellular distribution focusing on its plausible route in human salivary parenchyma.Materials and MethodsSections of parotid and submandibular glands were subjected to the immunohistochemical demonstration of PSA by the streptavidin-biotin method revealed by alkaline phosphatase. Moreover, ultrathin sections were collected on nickel grids and processed for immunocytochemical analysis, to visualize the intracellular distribution pattern of PSA through the observation by transmission electron microscopy.ResultsBy immunohistochemistry, in both parotid and submandibular glands PSA expression was detected in serous secretory acini and striated ducts. By immunocytochemistry, immunoreactivity was retrieved in the cytoplasmic compartment of acinar and ductal cells, often associated with small cytoplasmic vesicles. PSA labeling appeared also on rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the acini's lumen. A negligible PSA labeling appeared in most of the secretory granules of both glands.ConclusionsOur findings clearly support that human parotid and submandibular glands are involved in PSA secretion. Moreover, based on the immunoreactivity pattern, its release in oral cavity would probably occur by minor regulated secretory or constitutive-like secretory pathways. PSA expression was detected in serous cells, among secretory granules (arrows) and in plasma membranes (arrowheads), as well as in striated ducts of both parotid and submandibular glands, supporting salivary glands' involvement in PSA secretion.image

Automated summary

The presence and distribution of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the salivary glands were investigated. PSA expression was found in serous secretory acini and striated ducts of the parotid and submandibular glands. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed PSA localization in the cytoplasmic vesicles and rough endoplasmic reticulum, as well as in the acini lumen. These findings support the involvement of salivary glands in the secretion of PSA, possibly through minor regulated secretory or constitutive-like secretory pathways.