Histomorphometric and CBCT comparison of osseointegration around orthodontic titanium miniscrews coated with different nanoparticles: An in-vivo animal study

Background > Temporarily installed titanium orthodontic miniscrews are usually used for many orthodontic applications, especially those cases that need high force, such as skeletally anchored orthodontic appliance cases. Surface modification of titanium miniscrews has proved success in preventing failure and overcoming their limitations.Objective > The present study aims at the assessment of the quality of osseointegration of surface modified titanium miniscrews installed in the maxilla of albino rabbits with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging as well as histomorphometric investigations.Material and methods > The orthodontic titanium miniscrews (TMSs) were coated with silver/ hydroxyapatite (Ag/HA) nanoparticles (NPs) or zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs via electrochemical deposition. The coating nanomaterials were then characterized with X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of the coated titanium miniscrews were evaluated in the rabbits' oral cavity to investigate their ability to prevent biofilm formation.Results > It was found that the Ag/HA-coated TMSs demonstrated the highest antimicrobial activity and bone area fill, followed by the ZnO NPs-coated TMSs when compared to their uncoated counterparts. In the anterior area surrounding the installed TMSs, the highest osseointegration was demonstrated by ZnO NPs-coated TMSs. However, Ag/HA-coated TMSs showed the highest osseointegration values in the posterior peri-implant area.Conclusions > Ag/HA-and ZnO NPs-coated TMSs may provide a promising solution to overcome the 30% probable failure in temporarily installed orthodontic miniscrews, as they can enhance the osseointegration process and prevent biofilm formation.

Automated summary

This study assessed the quality of osseointegration of surface modified titanium miniscrews in the maxilla of rabbits. The results showed that Ag/HA-coated miniscrews demonstrated the highest antimicrobial activity and bone area fill. In the posterior peri-implant area, Ag/HA-coated miniscrews showed the highest osseointegration values.