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Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Nir Kugelman et al.
Summary: This study compared adverse perinatal outcomes between COVID-19 vaccinated and unvaccinated pregnant women, and found no difference in the rates of adverse outcomes. The results support the safety of COVID-19 vaccination during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS
(2023)
Article
Nursing
Andrea M. Henle
Summary: The study found that the booster dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine can significantly increase the levels of IgA and IgG antibodies specific to the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in human milk. This suggests that the booster vaccination enhances specific immunity in human milk, potentially providing protection for infants.
JOURNAL OF HUMAN LACTATION
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Blair Armistead et al.
Mucosal Immunology
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Farah Yasmin et al.
Summary: Since the publication of successful clinical trial results of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in December 2020, reports of cardiovascular complications following vaccination have emerged. This study provides a comprehensive account of various cardiovascular adverse events reported after the first or second dose of mRNA vaccines, including pericarditis/myopericarditis, myocarditis, hypotension, hypertension, arrhythmia, cardiogenic shock, stroke, myocardial infarction/STEMI, intracranial hemorrhage, thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism.
IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yarden Golan et al.
Summary: This study investigated the persistence of antibodies and symptoms in lactating women after vaccination or infection with SARS-CoV-2. The results showed that milk antibodies remained detectable for up to 8 months after vaccination, and infected mothers had higher levels of antibodies compared to those who received 3 doses of the vaccine. Infected mothers also reported more symptoms. Additionally, IgA antibodies were found to be more abundant than IgG antibodies in breast milk. These findings highlight the importance of improving the secretion of IgA antibodies in breast milk after vaccination for the protection of breastfeeding infants.
Article
Nursing
Jia Ming Low et al.
Summary: A prospective cohort study in Singapore involving 88 lactating healthcare workers who received two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine showed minimal breastfeeding-related effects, no changes in milk supply post-vaccination, and the most common side effect being pain/redness/swelling at the injection site.
JOURNAL OF HUMAN LACTATION
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Vignesh Narayanaswamy et al.
Summary: This study found that lactating women who received mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines exhibited immune responses in their breast milk, which could be transferred to breastfeeding infants. The antibodies in breast milk were able to neutralize the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. This suggests the potential for passive immunity against COVID-19 in breastfed infants.
OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Federica Scrimin et al.
Summary: The study aims to test the presence of neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in breast milk and sera samples from vaccinated women, as well as evaluate the presence of these antibodies in breast milk after vaccination. The results show that all 42 milk samples confirmed the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, but none showed IgA presence. In sera samples, one sample tested negative for antibodies, while the rest showed the presence of IgG. Additionally, the infants' health did not show any significant changes following maternal vaccination.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Dolores Sabina Romero Ramirez et al.
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the safety of the BNT162b2 mRNA and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccines for breastfeeding mothers and their infants. The results showed that most mothers experienced mild and transient reactions, while many infants had events associated with concurrent infections.
BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Joaquim Calvo-Lerma et al.
Summary: This study assessed the persistence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in the gastrointestinal tract of infants from vaccinated and infected women. The results showed that antibody levels were reduced after in vitro-simulated gastrointestinal digestion, but remained present. The digested antibodies did not have an impact on infant gut microbiota.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Marta Selma-Royo et al.
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the time course of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA and IgG induction in breast milk after vaccination. The results showed that the presence and persistence of specific SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in breast milk were dependent on the vaccine type and previous virus exposure. The levels of antibodies in breast milk from vaccinated women were lower than in milk from COVID-19-infected women but higher than in milk from uninfected women.
Article
Immunology
Olivia Cabanillas-Bernal et al.
Summary: This study evaluates the presence of neutralizing antibodies in the breast milk of lactating mothers who received vaccines from Pfizer-BioNtech, Johnson & Johnson (J&J)/Janssen, and CanSino Biologics against SARS-CoV-2. The results demonstrate the strongest neutralizing effect in breast milk from mothers vaccinated with Pfizer, followed by J&J, and the least neutralizing effect in CanSino vaccinations. The findings emphasize the importance of recommending vaccination to lactating mothers and the continuation of breastfeeding for potential health benefits to infants.
Article
Microbiology
Felicia Trofin et al.
Summary: A study found that breastfeeding mothers vaccinated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have antibodies in their breast milk that can provide protection to newborns. These antibodies remain present after 60 days of vaccination. The antibody levels are directly proportional to the age of the breastfed child, but the amount of anti-RBD IgA decreases with parity number.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jeffrey M. Bender et al.
Summary: A study found that the COVID-19 vaccine booster increases the levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies in human milk and provides better protection. This suggests that pregnant or lactating women should receive full COVID-19 vaccine courses with a booster dose.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Xiaoqi Yang et al.
Summary: This study compares the milk antibody response elicited by Pfizer, Moderna, Johnson&Johnson, and AstraZeneca vaccines. The results show that mRNA vaccines induce higher levels of Spike-specific IgG antibodies in milk compared to Ad-based vaccines. The percentage of milk with specific IgA antibodies is also higher in mRNA vaccine recipients compared to Ad vaccine recipients. Among the mRNA vaccines, Moderna appears to elicit the highest antibody response in milk.
BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joshua Guedalia et al.
Summary: An observational study in Israel found that a third dose of the COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy enhances protection against adverse COVID-19-related outcomes. The study analyzed the effectiveness of the third dose compared to the second dose in preventing COVID-19-related hospitalizations during two COVID-19 waves (Delta variant in the summer of 2021 and Omicron, BA.1, variant in the winter of 2022). The third dose was found to effectively prevent hospitalizations and enhance protection against significant disease.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Nursing
Sien J. Mulleners et al.
Summary: Heterologous vaccination with AZD1222 and an mRNA-based vaccine can elicit a significant SARS-CoV-2 specific IgA response in human milk.
JOURNAL OF HUMAN LACTATION
(2022)
Article
Nursing
Ruben Alfaro Blazquez et al.
Summary: This study aimed to examine the knowledge, willingness, and attitudes of breastfeeding women in Spain regarding the possibility of receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. Results showed that the majority of participants were willing to accept the vaccine, especially those who were older, more educated, or worked in high-risk jobs.
JOURNAL OF HUMAN LACTATION
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Pedro L. Moro et al.
Summary: A study evaluated and summarized reports of pregnant individuals who received a booster dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). The findings indicate that the safety profile of the booster dose in pregnant individuals is comparable to that of the primary COVID-19 vaccination.
OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Pedro M. Folegatti et al.
Summary: Replication-deficient adenoviral vectors, particularly ChAdOx1, have been successfully utilized as effective countermeasures for COVID-19. These vectors exhibit good tolerability, strong immunogenicity, and are approved for global use.
Article
Immunology
Beth Jacob-Chow et al.
Summary: The study aimed to describe the reactogenicity of mRNA and non-mRNA COVID-19 vaccines among lactating mothers and compare their differences. The most common adverse reaction reported by respondents was a local reaction at the injection site, and a significant proportion of women reported worse symptoms after receiving the second dose. No major adverse effects or behavioral changes were observed in breastfed children during the study period. Among those who received non-mRNA vaccines, some reported changes in lactation, including fluctuations in milk supply and breast pain. The study further confirmed that the vaccines tested did not cause serious adverse events in the surveyed population.
Article
Immunology
Bozena Kociszewska-Najman et al.
Summary: This study investigated whether mothers who received post-partum vaccination can passively transfer protective antibodies to their infants via breast milk. The findings revealed that while some infants had antibodies, there was no correlation between the maternal antibody levels post-vaccination and the presence of antibodies in the infants.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Nicole E. Marshall et al.
American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jeremie Botton et al.
Summary: This study assessed the short-term risk for severe cardiovascular events after COVID-19 vaccination in adults younger than 75 years in France. The study found that adenoviral-based vaccines may be associated with an increased incidence of myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism, while mRNA-based vaccines showed no association with the cardiovascular events studied.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Tropical Medicine
Lina Sofia Moron-Duarte et al.
Summary: The study evaluated the efficacy and safety of BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, ChAdOx1/AZD1222 and Gam-COVID-Vac rAd26-S/rAd5-S vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Efficacies ranged from 66.7% to 95.0%, with acceptable safety profiles. There was moderate certainty of evidence due to serious indirectness.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Myrtani Pieri et al.
Summary: Research shows that antibodies in breastmilk after vaccination can resist infant digestion to some extent, especially IgA antibodies. These results provide important information for understanding the role of breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Article
Immunology
Yesica Longueira et al.
Summary: This study evaluated the levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in breast milk of breastfeeding vaccinated women. The results showed that the levels of IgA and IgG in breast milk changed after vaccination with vector-based vaccines. This is important for understanding the protection against SARS-CoV-2 in newborns and unvaccinated children through breastfeeding.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Madeleine D. Burns et al.
Summary: The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike IgG antibodies transferred from vaccinated pregnant women to their infants and the timing of infant SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study found that higher levels of antibodies were associated with longer disease-free intervals, while antibody levels decreased significantly after six months, suggesting the need for vaccination to optimize protection against COVID-19 at that stage.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alisa Kachikis et al.
Summary: This study examines the reactions and vaccination experiences of pregnant and lactating individuals to COVID-19 vaccine boosters or third doses. The results suggest that these individuals tolerate the vaccines well.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Carla Dinamerica Kobayashi et al.
Summary: This study describes adverse events supposedly attributable to COVID-19 vaccines occurring in pregnant women in Brazil during the early stages of the vaccination campaign. Out of 582 identified events, 82% were classified as non-serious adverse events and 17% as serious adverse events. Among the ten deaths reported, one death was considered to be causally related to the vaccine while the other nine deaths were not causally associated. Most deaths were attributed to complications inherent to pregnancy or COVID-19.
REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GINECOLOGIA E OBSTETRICIA
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Serine Ramlawi et al.
Summary: This study investigated COVID-19 vaccination among perinatal individuals in Canada. Approximately 42% reported being vaccinated, and among the unvaccinated individuals, 73% were willing to be vaccinated. Factors associated with vaccination included speaking to healthcare providers and believing in the effectiveness of the vaccine. Concerns over vaccine safety, particularly regarding fetal/child development, were the main barriers to vaccine uptake.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kohei Takikawa et al.
Summary: Antithrombin deficiency is a high-risk factor for venous thromboembolism during pregnancy. This case report highlights a rare occurrence of severe cerebral venous thrombosis in a pregnant woman following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination, who also had an inherited antithrombin deficiency. Despite treatment, the condition had a rapid and fatal course.
TOHOKU JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hannah G. Juncker et al.
Summary: This study compares the antibody response in human milk after vaccination with mRNA and vector-based vaccines. The findings show that lactating women who received mRNA-based vaccines had a higher SARS-CoV-2 antibody response in their breast milk compared to those who received vector-based vaccines.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Hilary Bews et al.
Summary: This case series presents 10 individuals with COVID-19 vaccine-induced myocarditis confirmed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. The patients were predominantly male with an average age of 23 years. Chest discomfort and positive cardiac biomarkers occurred at a median of 3 days after the second dose of COVID-19 vaccine. Noninvasive cardiac imaging showed relatively preserved systolic function, but delayed enhancement was observed on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, confirming the presence of myocarditis.
Editorial Material
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Alison Stuebe
BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sara E. Oliver et al.
MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT
(2021)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Sonja A. Rasmussen et al.
Summary: This review summarizes the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant and lactating women, its effects on perinatal outcomes, and compiles guidance on the safety of coronavirus vaccines during pregnancy and while breastfeeding from the CDC, FDA, and obstetrics-gynecology specialty organizations.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sara E. Oliver et al.
MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT
(2021)
Editorial Material
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Dean Blumberg et al.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PERINATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Yarden Golan et al.
Summary: The study found that COVID-19 mRNA vaccines generated robust immune responses in both plasma and milk of lactating individuals, with significant transfer of antibodies to milk for potential protection of infants. No severe adverse events were reported in the cohort, indicating the safety and efficacy of vaccination during lactation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Sivan Haia Perl et al.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Hannah G. Juncker et al.
Summary: This study found that the levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in breast milk were similar after vaccination or infection. There was higher variability in IgA levels in breast milk following infection compared to vaccination.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Thi Khanh Le et al.
TRENDS IN BIOCHEMICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Vivian Valcarce et al.
Summary: This study found significant secretion of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA and IgG in human milk and plasma after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, indicating that mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines induce specific IgA and IgG secretion in human milk. Further research is needed to determine the duration and efficacy of this immune response, as well as the potential therapeutic use of human milk IgA in combating SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19.
BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Skyler McLaurin-Jiang et al.
Summary: This study found that COVID-19 vaccination among breastfeeding mothers had minimal disruption of lactation or adverse impact on the breastfed child. Even among mothers who reported an adverse impact on breastfeeding, their opinion about vaccination and confidence in their decision to receive the COVID-19 vaccine remained high.
BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Kerri Bertrand et al.
Summary: A study was conducted to investigate the symptoms and outcomes of breastfeeding women who received two mRNA vaccines, with similar proportions of women reporting symptoms after vaccination with either vaccine, but women who received the Moderna brand were more likely to report symptoms after the second dose. A small proportion of women reported a reduction in milk supply after the first dose of either vaccine, but significantly more women reported a reduction in milk supply after the second dose of Moderna.
BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Nursing
Hannah G. Juncker et al.
Summary: The study aimed to determine the effect of vaccination with BNT162b2 on the levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgA in human milk. A biphasic response was observed, with SARS-CoV-2 specific IgA levels starting to increase between day 5 and 7 after the first dose of the vaccine, and an accelerated response after the second dose. This suggests that vaccination can lead to the presence of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies in human milk, potentially providing protection to infants against COVID-19.
JOURNAL OF HUMAN LACTATION
(2021)
Article
Nursing
Jill K. Baird et al.
Summary: The study found that maternal vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 resulted in the presence of protective specific immunoglobulins in human milk that began to significantly increase around 7 days after vaccination, with an IgG-dominant response.
JOURNAL OF HUMAN LACTATION
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Dolores Sabina Romero Ramirez et al.
Summary: This study found a clear association between COVID-19 vaccination and specific immunoglobulin concentrations in human milk. The effect was more pronounced when lactation periods exceeded 23 months and was specific and independent of other variables.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Carolina Lechosa-Muniz et al.
Summary: This study found that all vaccinated breastfeeding mothers produced antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, regardless of the commercial vaccine used. Additionally, breastfeeding mothers provide their infants with IgA and IgG antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 protein S through breast milk.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Jia Ming Low et al.
Summary: Lactating mothers who received the BNT162b2 vaccine secreted SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies into milk, providing protective immunity. Minimal transfer of vaccine mRNA was detected, and no adverse effects were reported in recipients.
Article
Immunology
Katarzyna Jakuszko et al.
Summary: Breastfeeding women who received COVID-19 vaccines showed detectable levels of antibodies in breast milk, with a strong immune response observed 7 +/- 3 days after the second vaccine dose. This indicates the potential for lactating mothers to pass on antibodies to their infants post-vaccination.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Riccardo Davanzo et al.
MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alisa Fox et al.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Philip O. Anderson
BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE
(2019)
Review
Immunology
Cuiling Zhang et al.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Virology
Justin Pollara et al.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2015)
