Ecological niche modeling of diploid flowering rush (Butomus umbellatus L.) in the United States

Flowering rush (Butomus umbellatus L.) is an invasive perennial monocot found along the United States (U.S.).-Canadian border which can grow into large monotypic mats that can cause water use issues. Currently, there are two known cytotypes, diploid and triploid, within the invaded range; however, basic ecological research is lacking on the diploid cytotype. Ecological niche modelling (ENM) was done on three known populations of the diploid cytotype, alongside a global site model, to determine site-specific abiotic influences and potential suitability within the U.S. The ENM was constructed using climatic and soil variables from public sources with resultant models compared to currently known populations of flowering rush throughout the U.S. Diploid flowering rush populations and the global site models were highly reliant on precipitation in the driest month (27-39% model contribution) and one site was highly reliant on precipitation seasonality (38% model contribution). Diploid flowering rush populations in this study displayed different responses towards abiotic factors; however, seasonal signaling of precipitation patterns are highly important. Furthermore, diploid flowering rush is predicted to invade numerous areas with less than suitable habitat which should warrant further monitoring to prevent further spread.

Automated summary

The flowering rush, a type of invasive plant, has been found to grow extensively along the United States-Canadian border. However, there is a lack of ecological research on the diploid cytotype of this plant. By analyzing climatic and soil variables, it was discovered that precipitation is a crucial factor influencing the diploid flowering rush populations and global site models. Moreover, it is predicted that the diploid flowering rush will expand into unsuitable habitats, highlighting the need for further monitoring and prevention measures.