4.7 Review

Advances in human reproductive biomarkers

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Review Obstetrics & Gynecology

An Overview of Potential Applications for Nanotechnology, Probiotics, and Medicinal Plants in Infertility Problems

Nooshin Salmany et al.

Summary: Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are widely used in infertility treatment, but there is growing interest in alternative approaches such as non-biotechnology, probiotics, and traditional medicinal plants. Nanotechnology has shown great potential in diagnosis, treatment, and drug delivery for reproductive issues. Research on the role of the microbiome in infertility and the benefits of probiotics in various diseases is crucial.

CURRENT WOMENS HEALTH REVIEWS (2023)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

A sensitive ?turn-on? fluorescent biosensor for the detection of biomarkers based on three-dimensional DNA walker

Yunyan Xie et al.

Summary: In this study, a sensitive turn-on fluorescent biosensor based on a three-dimensional DNA walker was developed for the detection of HER2 and miRNA-21. The biosensor demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity, enabling accurate multiplex detection of biomarkers.

TALANTA (2023)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

Label-free photoelectrochemical immunosensing of α-fetoprotein based on Eu-TiO2 nanocomposites sensitized with dye-encapsulated HMA

Kun Wang et al.

Summary: A sensitive photoelectrochemical immunosensor using dye-enhanced anodic photocurrent response was developed for detecting alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Europium-doped TiO2 (Eu-TiO2) was employed as the photoelectrochemical functional material and coated onto an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode. The dye-loaded hydrophobically modified alginate (HMA) was further modified onto the surface of Eu-TiO2 to enhance and stabilize the photoelectrical signal. The proposed sensor exhibited a linear response to AFP antigen from 0.5 to 100 ng/mL with a detection limit of 0.41 pg/mL.

ANALYTICAL SCIENCES (2023)

Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Emerging evidence that the mammalian sperm epigenome serves as a template for embryo development

Ariane Lismer et al.

Summary: Increasing evidence suggests that parental environmental stressors can impact the health and disease outcomes of offspring. This article provides an update on paternal epigenetic inheritance and proposes links between paternally transmitted epigenetic influences and functional changes in the embryo. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying non-genetic inheritance are still not well understood.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2023)

Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Recent advancement of surface modification techniques of 2-D nanomaterials

Gourhari Chakraborty et al.

Summary: Two-dimensional nanomaterials with superior properties have become essential components in the development of various products for multiple applications. These materials, such as graphene, clay, silicate, layered metal oxide, and phosphate, exhibit remarkable mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties, making them attractive for applications in packaging, electronics, catalysts, batteries, and energy. Surface modification techniques, including covalent and noncovalent modifications, inorganic compounds-based functionalization, and defect creation, are discussed in correlation with recent works.

MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL SOLID-STATE MATERIALS (2023)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

Material-enhanced biosensors for cancer biomarkers detection

Xuming Sun et al.

Summary: This article summarizes the application of advanced materials in cancer biomarker sensing. The unique structures and tunable properties of advanced materials make them ideal for developing various sensing systems and improving the detection of cancer biomarkers.

MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL (2023)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

Eu-MOF nanorods functionalized with large heterocyclic ionic liquid for photoelectrochemical immunoassay of a-fetoprotein

Huiyue Li et al.

Summary: An ionic liquid with a sizeable heterocyclic structure was synthesized and used as a linker to coordinate with Eu3+ ions, forming metal-organic framework nanorods. By modifying with gold nanoparticles, the photoelectrochemical performance was enhanced, and a novel immunosensor for AFP detection was fabricated.

ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA (2022)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and Early Embryogenesis: Review

Sophie Perrier d'Hauterive et al.

Summary: This article summarizes the different isoforms of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and its effects on angiogenesis, immune response, miscarriages, and thyroid function.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Ratiometric fluorescence immunoassay based on MnO2-o-phenylenediamine-fluorescent carbon nanodots for the detection of α-fetoprotein via fluorescence resonance energy transfer

Wenwen Liu et al.

Summary: The ratiometric fluorescence immunoassay designed in this study utilizes FRET effect to achieve sensitive and quantitative analysis of biomarkers. It demonstrates a good dynamic range and a lower detection limit compared to traditional single-wavelength-based immunoassays. The measurement results for cancer markers in serum samples show high comparability to chemiluminescence, suggesting the viability of this method for serological assays.

NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY (2022)

Review Ophthalmology

Assessment and management of retinopathy of prematurity in the era of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)

Andrew SH. Tsai et al.

Summary: The incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) continues to rise due to improved survival of low birth weight infants and limited resources in certain regions. Advances in technology and understanding of the disease have changed how ROP is screened and managed, with potential for improved care through imaging techniques, telemedicine, and artificial intelligence-assisted screening. Treatment options have expanded to include anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents, but concerns regarding long-term effects and optimal use remain.

PROGRESS IN RETINAL AND EYE RESEARCH (2022)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

A DNA-functionalized graphene field-effect transistor for quantitation of vascular endothelial growth factor

Lizhen Chen et al.

Summary: Graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) is a low-cost device that can detect various analytes. In this work, a DNA-functionalized GFET was proposed to amplify the detection signal for protein quantitation. The designed GFET-based biosensor showed high selectivity and a low limit of detection for vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF(165)).

SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL (2022)

Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Update on the applications and limitations of alpha-fetoprotein for hepatocellular carcinoma

Hira Hanif et al.

Summary: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a tumor marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its utility is limited. However, combining AFP with other novel biomarkers can improve its accuracy. Additionally, increased AFP levels may be associated with liver diseases and other non-hepatic disorders.

WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2022)

Review Medical Laboratory Technology

Hormone Immunoassay Interference: A 2021 Update

Khaldoun Ghazal et al.

Summary: Immunoassays are important analytical techniques used for qualitative and quantitative analysis. They have been widely implemented in clinical laboratories for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of endocrine disorders. However, interferences in immunoassays can lead to erroneous results and unnecessary procedures, highlighting the need for detection and elimination of these interferences.

ANNALS OF LABORATORY MEDICINE (2022)

Review Urology & Nephrology

Female Reproductive and Gynecologic Considerations in Chronic Kidney Disease: Adolescence and Young Adulthood

Danica H. Chang et al.

Summary: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasingly affecting younger individuals, including adolescents and young adults. Female CKD patients have unique reproductive and gynecologic health concerns, but this area has not been well studied. This review explores female reproductive health and gynecologic considerations in adolescents and young adults with CKD, proposing clinical and research strategies to improve this important yet understudied aspect of kidney care.

KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL REPORTS (2022)

Article Psychology, Clinical

The need to restore generative identity in women undergoing assisted reproductive technology: Development and psychometric validation of the fertility reparation inventory

Andrea Caputo et al.

Summary: This study provides a meaningful contribution to the understanding of emotional dynamics and psychological issues related to the demand for ART, through the development and evaluation of the fertility reparation inventory, which measures manic and expiatory reparation as symbolic dynamics of restoring one's procreative identity.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY (2022)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

Gold Nanowires Array-Based Closed Bipolar Nanoelectrode System for Electrochemiluminescence Detection of α-Fetoprotein on Cell Surface

Xiuxiu Li et al.

Summary: In this study, a gold nanowires array-based closed bipolar electrodes (c-BPEs) system was developed for sensitive detection of cell surface proteins. The system exhibited high sensitivity and was able to detect specific proteins at extremely low concentrations, as well as detect living cells through a synergistic amplification effect.

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (2022)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

Microneedle Aptamer-Based Sensors for Continuous, Real-Time Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

Yao Wu et al.

Summary: This study expands the ability to monitor molecular concentrations by using microneedle-supported electrochemical, aptamer-based (E-AB) sensors in interstitial fluid (ISF). The promising results obtained in vitro and in vivo lay the foundation for the translation of microneedle E-AB sensor arrays to biomedical research in preclinical animal models.

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (2022)

Article Biophysics

DNA strand displacement based surface-enhanced Raman scattering-fluorescence dual-mode nanoprobes for quantification and imaging of vascular endothelial growth factor in living cells

Lu Huang et al.

Summary: In this study, dual-mode nanoprobes were developed based on functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for in situ quantification and imaging of VEGF in living cells. The method showed good linearity and high selectivity in the quantification and imaging of trace VEGF. This dual-mode approach holds great potential for the analysis of biomarkers in complex biological samples.

BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS (2022)

Review Immunology

Role of hormones in the pregnancy and sex-specific outcomes to infections with respiratory viruses

Orlando Cervantes et al.

Summary: Pregnant women infected with pathogenic respiratory viruses are at higher risk for severe lung disease due to changes in immune cells and hormonal impact, which may weaken the antiviral response.

IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS (2022)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

Electrochemical α-fetoprotein immunosensor based on Fe3O4NPs@covalent organic framework decorated gold nanoparticles and magnetic nanoparticles including SiO2@TiO2

Omer Saltuk Bolukbasi et al.

Summary: This study successfully developed an electrochemical AFP immunosensor based on nanomaterials, which demonstrated high sensitivity and detection limit. The results showed that this sensor can be effectively used for cancer diagnosis.

MICROCHIMICA ACTA (2022)

Article Virology

Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) and AFP-L3 Is Most Useful in Detection of Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients after Tumor Ablation and with Low AFP Level

Madison Force et al.

Summary: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignancy of the liver and is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. HBV and HCV infection are still the major risk factors for HCC globally. The utility of AFP-L3% in identifying early, new or recurrent HCC prior to the presence of imaging findings is emphasized.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Evaluation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level in the tears and serum of age-related macular degeneration patients

Mohamad Shahidatul-Adha et al.

Summary: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a significant cause of irreversible central blindness worldwide, with VEGF upregulation influencing its progression. This study found that tear VEGF level was significantly higher in AMD patients compared to controls, showing high sensitivity and specificity and being correlated with AMD severity. Serum VEGF level, however, was not specific or predictive of AMD severity.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2022)

Article Medical Laboratory Technology

Biosensors technology for anti-epileptic drugs

Ahmad Mobed et al.

Summary: Therapeutic monitoring of antiepileptic drugs is crucial for optimizing drug administration, and nanomaterials and biosensor-based methods offer unique advantages for rapid, sensitive, and selective analysis.

CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA (2022)

Review Polymer Science

Nanoparticles for Biomedical Application and Their Synthesis

Iva Rezic

Summary: The tremendous developments in nanotechnology have revolutionized the impact of nanoparticles in both scientific and societal contexts. Nanoparticles, with their unique properties, are widely used in various technological and scientific applications, particularly in medicine for targeted drug delivery, imaging, and therapy.

POLYMERS (2022)

Review Oncology

Advanced diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in nanotechnology for lung cancer

Yujuan Duan et al.

Summary: Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising approach for the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer, providing more effective and specific detection of cancer biomarkers and cells, as well as targeted drug delivery systems to overcome resistance and reduce side effects.

FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY (2022)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

Carbon Dots Conjugated Antibody as an Effective FRET-Based Biosensor for Progesterone Hormone Screening

Disha et al.

Summary: Carbon dots functionalized with antibodies were successfully synthesized for progesterone sensing, utilizing the fluorescence resonance energy transfer mechanism. The optical method demonstrated high selectivity performance for progesterone detection, making it a potential platform for simplified analysis.

BIOSENSORS-BASEL (2022)

Article Biophysics

A dual-signal self-checking photoelectrochemical immunosensor based on the sole composite of MIL-101(Cr) and CdSe quantum dots for the detection of α-fetoprotein

Xiaolin Zhong et al.

Summary: Designing a dual photocurrent signals immunosensor for the detection of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is important but challenging. By utilizing MIL-101 (Cr) and CdSe QDs, the sensor can detect AFP quantitatively and estimate the accuracy and reliability of the test results. The sensor shows acceptable stability, reproducibility, specificity, and feasibility for detecting AFP in human serum, with broad prospects in early clinical diagnosis.

BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS (2021)

Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Diverse role of endocannabinoid system in mammalian male reproduction

Tahseen S. Sayed et al.

Summary: The endocannabinoid system plays a significant role in male reproduction, impacting sperm function and male sexual behavior. Dysfunctional ECS is linked to the development of prostate cancer.

LIFE SCIENCES (2021)

Review Fisheries

Assessing North Atlantic right whale health: threats, and development of tools critical for conservation of the species

Michael J. Moore et al.

Summary: Whaling activities have severely affected North Atlantic right whales and Southern right whales, with a need to expand measures to reduce trauma. Further research is necessary to evaluate the impact of other stressors on the reproductive success and health of right whales, and the development of new health assessment tools is essential to monitor the effectiveness of management measures.

DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS (2021)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Hydrogel-aptamer nanocomposite based electrochemical sensor for the detection of progesterone

Jayasudha Velayudham et al.

Summary: A hydrogel conjugated aptamer-based electrochemical biosensor was developed for the detection of progesterone, utilizing gold nanocubes and a blend of chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose. The binding characteristics of the biosensing platform were investigated using squarewave voltammetry, and the analytical applicability of the aptasensor was tested with spiked blood samples containing varying concentrations of progesterone.

MATERIALS LETTERS (2021)

Review Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science

Role of nanotechnology in animal production and veterinary medicine

Ahmad Ali et al.

Summary: Nanotechnology deals with small and specific things that are less than 100 nm in size. It plays a crucial role in various fields, with potential applications in animal production and veterinary medicine.

TROPICAL ANIMAL HEALTH AND PRODUCTION (2021)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Modified ELISA for Ultrasensitive Diagnosis

Naoko Tsurusawa et al.

Summary: ELISA is a useful tool for quantitative measurement of proteins, and enhancing its detection sensitivity to the ultrasensitive level can improve disease diagnosis. This review article discusses the definition of 'ultrasensitive', surveys current literature on modified ELISA methods with ultrasensitive detection, and introduces a newly devised system for ultrasensitive ELISA application.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2021)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

Specific heptapeptide screened from pIII phage display library for sensitive enzyme-linked chemiluminescence immunoassay of vascular endothelial growth factor

Ge Wang et al.

Summary: A novel VEGF165-specific peptide was developed and utilized as a capture agent for an enzyme-linked chemiluminescence immunoassay (ELCLIA), demonstrating wide linear range and low detection limit. The ELCLIA method showed accurate and reproducible detection of VEGF165 in human serum samples, making it a promising biointerface for sensing and tumor metastasis related diagnosis and therapy.

SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL (2021)

Review Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Nanozymes in Point-of-Care Diagnosis: An Emerging Futuristic Approach for Biosensing

Bhaskar Das et al.

Summary: Nanozymes have attracted attention for their ability to mimic natural enzymes while overcoming their limitations. They offer advantages such as diverse activities, low cost, high stability, and compatibility, making them suitable for various biosensing applications. Their integration in point-of-care diagnostics shows potential, although challenges remain in achieving truly ASSURED solutions.

NANO-MICRO LETTERS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

A highly sensitive electrochemical aptasensor for vascular endothelial growth factor detection based on toehold-mediated strand displacement reaction

Zhong Gao et al.

Summary: An electrochemical aptasensor has been developed for detecting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with high sensitivity, specificity, and good intra-day reproducibility. The sensor integrates toehold-mediated strand displacement recycling amplification and VEGF aptamer. With optimized sensor parameters, it can achieve a detection limit as low as 10 pg mL(-1) and quantitatively detect VEGF expression level in human biological samples.

ANALYTICAL METHODS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

A simple unlabeled human chorionic gonadotropin biosensor based on a peptide aptamer

Huanhuan Li et al.

Summary: This study successfully constructed an unlabeled biosensor based on a peptide aptamer for accurate, sensitive and simple detection of HCG. The biosensor showed a good linear relationship, with a detection limit of 1 mIU mL(-1), and remained stable at room temperature for 14 days, making it a potential portable diagnostic device for HCG.

ANALYTICAL METHODS (2021)

Article Materials Science, Biomaterials

An electrochemical biosensing platform for progesterone hormone detection using magnetic graphene oxide

Disha et al.

Summary: In this study, magnetic nanocomposites of graphene oxide were synthesized and utilized as an electrode material for a highly sensitive, selective, stable, and repeatable electrochemical immunosensor. The sensor showed excellent detection limits for progesterone concentration ranging from 0.01 pM to 1000 nM, making it a promising platform for rapid and direct analysis of PGN in water samples.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY B (2021)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Covalent Framework Particles Modified with MnO2 Nanosheets and Au Nanoparticles as Electrochemical Immunosensors for Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

Huan Liang et al.

Summary: In this study, a COF/MnO2 nanocomposite was prepared via a green and facile method, and an electrochemical biosensor for detecting HCG was constructed. The sensor showed a wide linear range, ultrasensitivity, good reproducibility, and excellent specificity, making it a promising approach for electrochemical detection of HCG.

ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS (2021)

Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Progesterone and Breast Cancer

Britton Trabert et al.

ENDOCRINE REVIEWS (2020)

Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

Identifying biomarkers for predicting successful embryo implantation: applying single to multi-OMICs to improve reproductive outcomes

Purificacion Hernandez-Vargas et al.

HUMAN REPRODUCTION UPDATE (2020)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

A novel biosensing system based on ITO-single use electrode for highly sensitive analysis of VEGF

Mert Akgun et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (2020)

Review Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science

Biomarkers of fitness and welfare in dairy cattle: healthy productivity

Maya Zachut et al.

JOURNAL OF DAIRY RESEARCH (2020)

Article Spectroscopy

A highly sensitive colorimetric aptasensor for the detection of the vascular endothelial growth factor in human serum

Jiajia Dong et al.

SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY (2020)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

Highly sensitive electrochemiluminescence biosensor for VEGF165 detection based on a g-C3N4/PDDA/CdSe nanocomposite

Jin-long Cheng et al.

ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (2020)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Tailored hydrogels for biosensor applications

Joonwon Bae et al.

JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY (2020)

Review Chemistry, Analytical

Recent advances in optical biosensors for the detection of cancer biomarker alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)

Afsaneh Taheri Kal-Koshvandi

TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (2020)

Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

Progesterone, reproduction, and psychiatric illness

Lindsay R. Standeven et al.

BEST PRACTICE & RESEARCH CLINICAL OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY (2020)

Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

Progesterone and endometrial cancer

Anne Gompel

BEST PRACTICE & RESEARCH CLINICAL OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY (2020)

Review Oncology

Effects of alpha-fetoprotein on the occurrence and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma

Yifei Zheng et al.

JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2020)

Article Engineering, Biomedical

Fabrication and Characterization of an Aptamer-Based N-type Silicon Nanowire FET Biosensor for VEGF Detection

Serge Ismael Zida et al.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING (2020)

Review Cell Biology

Molecular insights into the divergence and diversity of post-testicular maturation strategies

Brett Nixon et al.

MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY (2020)

Review Medical Laboratory Technology

Bioassay: A novel approach in antipsychotic pharmacology

Ahmad Mobed et al.

CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA (2020)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Biosensors: A novel approach to and recent discovery in detection of cytokines

Ahmad Mobed et al.

CYTOKINE (2020)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Newly crocin-coated magnetite nanoparticles induce apoptosis and decrease VEGF expression in breast carcinoma cells

Roya Saravani et al.

JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2020)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Colorimetric Immunosensor Based on Au@g-C3N4-Doped Spongelike 3D Network Cellulose Hydrogels for Detecting α-Fetoprotein

Fang Ma et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2019)

Review Chemistry, Analytical

Advances in detection of fastidious bacteria: From microscopic observation to molecular biosensors

Ahmad Mobed et al.

TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (2019)

Review Chemistry, Analytical

(Bio)Analytical chemistry enabled by 3D printing: Sensors and biosensors

C. Lorena Manzanares Palenzuela et al.

TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (2018)

Review Biochemical Research Methods

Advances in human chorionic gonadotropin detection technologies: a review

Jing Fan et al.

BIOANALYSIS (2017)

Review Obstetrics & Gynecology

Developing a deeper insight into reproductive biomarkers

Braira Wahid et al.

CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE-CERM (2017)

Review Obstetrics & Gynecology

Endocannabinoids as biomarkers of human reproduction

Cinzia Rapino et al.

HUMAN REPRODUCTION UPDATE (2014)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

Development of ELISA for Measurement of Progesterone Employing 17--OH-P-HRP as Enzyme Label

Sabana Khatun et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOASSAY & IMMUNOCHEMISTRY (2009)

Article Biophysics

Development of a TIRF-based biosensor for sensitive detection of progesterone in bovine milk

Nina D. Kaeppel et al.

BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS (2007)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Determination of conformational changes in the progesterone receptor using ELISA-like assays

Mark A. Pullen et al.

STEROIDS (2006)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

Development and validation of a biosensor-based immunoassay for progesterone in bovine milk

EH Gillis et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS (2002)