Recent progress in eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn): surface modification and applications

In the field of stretchable electronics, eutectic gallium-indium alloys (EGaIn) have become an ideal conductive material due to their exceptional electrical conductivity and natural fluidity. However, high surface tension poses an obstacle to the widespread application of EGaIn. To cope with these challenges, a fundamental and comprehensive understanding of surface tension is required. This paper reviews research on the surface tension of EGaIn, covering (1) the principles of oxide layer formation, (2) factors influencing surface tension, and (3) methods for surface modification of liquid metals. This is followed by an introduction to the applications of EGaIn surface modification in different fields and concludes with a summary of the challenges still faced and an outlook for the future. EGaIn plays an important role in flexible electronics, this paper focuses on a review of the key factors affecting the surface tension of liquid metals and surface modification methods and applications.

Automated summary

This paper reviews the research on the surface tension of eutectic gallium-indium alloys (EGaIn) in the field of stretchable electronics. It covers the principles of oxide layer formation, factors influencing surface tension, and methods for surface modification of liquid metals. The paper also discusses the applications of EGaIn surface modification in different fields and highlights the challenges still faced and the future outlook.