Bacillus velezensis (strains A6 & P42) as a potential biocontrol agent against Klebsiella variicola, a new causal agent of soft rot disease in carrot

Bacterial soft rot is one of the most devastating diseases and a major constraint encountered during carrot farming. Biological agents are the best eco-friendly alternatives to agrochemicals to manage soft rot disease to ensure environmental sustainability. In this study, about eight isolates of bacterial pathogen causing soft rot in carrots were collected from Karnataka, India. Based on the 16S rRNA sequencing the pathogen isolates causing soft rot of carrot were identified as Klebsiella variicola. The morphological characteristics of K. variicola was investigated under scanning electron microscopy. The pathogenicity assay showed that all eight isolates were pathogenic to the carrot. An in vitro and in planta assay of two novel strains of Bacillus velezensis (A6 and P42) against K. variicola indicated that both strains had strong antagonistic activity against all the pathogen strains. Furthermore, the volatile bioactive compounds produced by A6 and P42 strains were analyzed in GC-MS, which revealed the presence of 10 and 6 bioactive compounds in their culture filtrate, respectively, with antibacterial and antifungal properties. The present study suggests that both A6 and P42 strains of B. velezensis were antagonistic to K. variicola and can be used as biocontrol agents to manage soft rot diseases of carrot under field conditions.

Automated summary

Bacterial soft rot in carrots is a devastating disease, and in this study, eight isolates of the bacterial pathogen causing soft rot in carrots were collected from India. The pathogen was identified as Klebsiella variicola through 16S rRNA sequencing, and its morphological characteristics were investigated under scanning electron microscopy. Two novel strains of Bacillus velezensis (A6 and P42) were found to have strong antagonistic activity against K. variicola, producing bioactive compounds with antibacterial and antifungal properties. These strains can be used as biocontrol agents to manage soft rot diseases of carrot under field conditions.