Obesity as a modifying factor of periodontal therapy outcomes: local and systemic adipocytokines and oxidative stress markers

Objectives Adipocytokines and oxidative stress (OS) are involved in the pathogenesis of both obesity and periodontitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate periodontal therapy outcomes in terms of serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of adipocytokines and OS markers in obese patients with periodontitis, in order to have an insight into the association between obesity and periodontitis.Materials and methods A total of 39 patients (20 obese, 19 non-obese) with periodontitis were included in this study. Clinical periodontal parameters were assessed; serum and GCF levels of adipocytokines and OS markers were evaluated by ELISA at baseline and 3 months after non-surgical periodontal therapy.Results Significant improvements in clinical periodontal parameters were observed in both groups at 3 months (p < 0.01). While serum levels of TNF-alpha, leptin, and total oxidant status (TOS) in the obese group were higher at baseline (p < 0.01), leptin levels remained higher at 3 months despite a significant decrease (p < 0.01). Although NSPT improved GCF levels of total antioxidant status (TAS) and TOS in both groups, they were significantly different between the groups after therapy (p < 0.05).Conclusions It seems that leptin, TNF-alpha, and TOS contribute to systemic inflammatory and oxidative state in patients with obesity. Despite improvements in clinical periodontal parameters, obesity might be a modulating factor in the development and progression of periodontal disease in terms of some adipocytokines and OS markers.

Automated summary

This study aims to evaluate the periodontal therapy outcomes and the effects on serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of adipocytokines and oxidative stress (OS) markers in obese patients with periodontitis to understand the association between obesity and periodontitis. The results show that although both groups of patients had significant improvements in clinical periodontal parameters after non-surgical periodontal therapy, the obese group had higher levels of TNF-alpha, leptin, and total oxidant status (TOS) at baseline and remained higher at 3 months. Non-surgical periodontal therapy improved GCF levels of total antioxidant status (TAS) and TOS in both groups, but the differences between the two groups were still significant after therapy.