Oxytocin preprotein and oxytocin receptor mRNA expression is altered in semen samples with abnormal semen parameters

Research question: Are oxytocin preprotein and the oxytocin receptor expressed in human spermatozoa and is their mRNA expression different between normal semen samples and samples with at least one abnormal parameter? Design: An in-vitro prospective study of 175 semen samples from Greek men, according to World Health Organization criteria, 2010. mRNA expression levels were compared between different categories of semen samples, classified according to their concentration, total number, motility and morphology. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect oxytocin preprotein and its receptor on spermatozoa smears. Results: Compared with normal samples (normal motility and normal concentration), samples with at least one abnormal sperm parameter had statistically significantly lower oxytocin preprotein mRNA expression (P = 0.019) and higher oxytocin receptor mRNA expression levels (P < 0.001). Oligozoospermic samples had statistically significantly higher oxytocin preprotein mRNA expression levels (P = 0.002) and lower oxytocin receptor mRNA expression levels (P = 0.047). Asthenozoospermic samples had statistically significantly lower oxytocin preprotein mRNA expression levels (P < 0.001). Teratozoospermic samples had statistically significantly lower oxytocin preprotein mRNA expression levels (P = 0.049) and higher oxytocin receptor mRNA expression levels (P < 0.001). Oxytocin preprotein mRNA expression was positively associated with total progressive motility (P < 0.001) and negatively associated with the percentage of immotile spermatozoa (P = 0.001). Oxytocin receptor mRNA expression was negatively associated with the percentage of normal forms (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Oxytocin preprotein and oxytocin receptor mRNA expression in spermatozoa could be used as a novel and unbiased diagnostic tool for male infertility.

Automated summary

This study examined 175 semen samples from Greek men and found that samples with at least one abnormal sperm parameter had significantly lower expression of oxytocin preprotein mRNA (P = 0.019) and higher expression of oxytocin receptor mRNA (P < 0.001) compared to normal samples. Additionally, different categories of semen samples showed varying levels of mRNA expression. These findings suggest that the mRNA expression of oxytocin preprotein and its receptor in spermatozoa could be used as a novel diagnostic tool for male infertility.