French national diagnosis and care protocol (PNDS, protocole national de diagnostic et de soins): cystic lymphatic malformations

Electric power lines could, in principle, provide a ubiquitous wired communication network linking electrical loads, power meters, and other devices. This communication infrastructure could unlock new sensing and control capabilities, improving the efficiency and reliability of power system operations. In practice, however, power line communication (PLC) is complicated by both known and variable difficulties related to background noise, signal attenuation, and unknown line impedances. This article develops instrumentation that characterizes and verifies line characteristics for PLC applications, especially for demand response and control applications. This instrumentation provides a window to key variables that affect communication on a local power distribution network. With these measurements, limits on PLC communication can be verified before an installation, and a PLC system may also be adaptively tuned to measurements of the current local environment. Field experiments in a challenging microgrid and a 24-floor apartment building demonstrate an appropriately tailored PLC system communicating reliably in locations where conventional PLC fails.

Automated summary

Electric power lines have the potential to create a widespread wired communication network for various devices. However, power line communication (PLC) faces challenges such as noise, signal attenuation, and unknown line impedances. This article introduces instrumentation that characterizes and verifies line characteristics for PLC applications, allowing for improved communication and adaptability to the local environment. Field experiments in a microgrid and apartment building demonstrate the reliability of a tailored PLC system in challenging locations.