Particle alignment effects on mechanical properties of cellulose nanocrystal thin films

Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) thin films are of increasing interest as sustainable materials due to their anisotropic mechanical properties. Previous computational work has shown that the fracture mechanisms of CNC films vary as a function of particle alignment with respect to the loading direction. However, it is challenging to experimentally measure the mechanical anisotropy of extremely thin CNC films due to their brittleness. Here, a new experimental approach was developed to identify the effect of CNC alignment on modulus while simultaneously observing the fracture mechanisms. In this method, uniaxial tensile strain is applied to a CNC film laminated on a silicone substrate with a mechanical stage mounted over a microscope. The modulus calculated by measuring the wavelength of wrinkles that formed perpendicular to the tensile strain direction at low strains during mechanical testing. The elastic modulus of CNC films decayed exponentially as the misalignment of particles to the loading direction increased. By carrying out coarse-grained modeling and comparing the misalignment angle with the crack opening direction beyond the fracture strains, fracture mechanism dependence on misalignment was observed.

Automated summary

Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) thin films are sustainable materials with anisotropic mechanical properties. The fracture mechanisms and modulus of CNC films are found to be dependent on particle alignment with respect to the loading direction. A new experimental method was developed to measure the mechanical anisotropy of thin CNC films by observing the wavelength of wrinkles formed during uniaxial tensile strain. The elastic modulus of CNC films decayed exponentially with increasing misalignment angle to the loading direction, and the fracture mechanism was observed to depend on the misalignment angle through coarse-grained modeling.