Stability and dynamics across magnetic phases of vortex-bright type excitations in spinor Bose-Einstein condensates

The static properties, i.e., existence and stability, as well as the quench-induced dynamics of vortex-bright type excitations in two-dimensional harmonically confined spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates are investigated. Linearly stable vortex-bright-vortex and bright-vortex-bright solutions arise in both antiferromagnetic and ferro-magnetic spinor gases upon quadratic Zeeman energy shift variations. Their deformations across the relevant transitions are exposed and discussed in detail, evincing also that emergent instabilities can lead to pattern formation. Spatial elongations, precessional motion, and spiraling of the nonlinear excitations when exposed to finite temperatures and upon crossing the distinct phase boundaries, via quenching of the quadratic Zeeman coefficient, are unveiled. Spin-mixing processes triggered by the quench lead, among others, to changes in the waveform of the ensuing configurations. Our findings reveal an interplay between pattern formation and spin-mixing processes accessible in contemporary cold atom experiments.

Automated summary

This paper investigates the existence, stability, and quench-induced dynamics of vortex-bright type excitations in two-dimensional harmonically confined spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates. Linearly stable vortex-bright-vortex and bright-vortex-bright solutions occur in both antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic spinor gases with variations in the quadratic Zeeman energy shift. The deformations of these solutions during relevant transitions are discussed, revealing that emergent instabilities can lead to pattern formation. The study also unveils spatial elongations, precessional motion, and spiraling of the nonlinear excitations when exposed to finite temperatures and crossing distinct phase boundaries via quenching of the quadratic Zeeman coefficient. Spin-mixing processes triggered by the quench result in changes in the waveform of the configurations. The findings highlight the interplay between pattern formation and spin-mixing processes in contemporary cold atom experiments.