Formation and emergent dynamics of spatially organized microbial systems

Spatial organization is the norm rather than the exception in the microbial world. While the study of microbial physiology has been dominated by studies in well-mixed cultures, there is now increasing interest in understanding the role of spatial organization in microbial physiology, coexistence and evolution. Where studied, spatial organization has been shown to influence all three of these aspects. In this mini review and perspective article, we emphasize that the dynamics within spatially organized microbial systems (SOMS) are governed by feedbacks between local physico-chemical conditions, cell physiology and movement, and evolution. These feedbacks can give rise to emergent dynamics, which need to be studied through a combination of spatio-temporal measurements and mathematical models. We highlight the initial formation of SOMS and their emergent dynamics as two open areas of investigation for future studies. These studies will benefit from the development of model systems that can mimic natural ones in terms of species composition and spatial structure.

Automated summary

Spatial organization is a common feature in the microbial world. Recent interest has focused on understanding the role of spatial organization in microbial physiology, coexistence, and evolution. Studies have shown that spatial organization influences these aspects by feedback between local conditions, cell physiology and movement, and evolution. This mini review highlights the importance of spatio-temporal measurements and mathematical models to study emergent dynamics in spatially organized microbial systems (SOMS). Future studies should focus on the initial formation of SOMS and their emergent dynamics, utilizing model systems that mimic natural ones.