Functionalized agarose hydrogel with in situ Ag nanoparticles as highly recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for aromatic organic pollutants

In the present research work, a highly recyclable catalyst of Ag-based agarose (HRC-Ag/Agar) hydrogel was successfully fabricated through a simple and efficient in situ reduction method without the aid of additional surface active agent. The interaction between the rich hydroxyl functional (-OH) groups in agarose and Ag can effectively control the growth and dispersion of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) in the HRC-Ag/Agar hydrogel and keep Ag NPs free from chemical contamination, which also guarantees the reusability of HRC-Ag/Agar hydrogel as catalysts. HRC-Ag/Agar hydrogel without freeze drying and calcination was investigated for their potential applications as highly active/recyclable catalysts in reducing aromatic organic pollutants (p-nitrophenol (4-NP), methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB)) by KBH4. The optimal HRC-Ag/Agar-1.9 hydrogel can complete the catalytic reduction of 4-NP within 11 min. Moreover, HRC-Ag/Agar-1.9 hydrogel achieves the high conversion rate (> 99%) through ten catalytic runs. Similarly, HRC-Ag/Agar-1.9 hydrogel was able to achieve a reduction efficiency of RhB at 98% within 17 min and that of MB at 95% within 40 min. The advantages of simple synthetic procedure, no secondary pollution, strong stability and easily separated make the HRC-Ag/Agar hydrogel have great potential prospect for environmental applications.

Automated summary

In this research, a highly recyclable catalyst of Ag-based agarose hydrogel was successfully fabricated through a simple reduction method. The hydroxyl functional groups in agarose effectively control the growth and dispersion of Ag nanoparticles in the hydrogel, ensuring the reusability of the catalyst. The hydrogel showed great potential as a catalyst for reducing aromatic organic pollutants, achieving high conversion rates and efficient reduction of various pollutants.