Strategic Application of Epigenetic Regulators for Efficient Neuronal Reprogramming of Human Fibroblasts

Background and Objectives: Cellular reprogramming in regenerative medicine holds great promise for treating patients with neurological disorders. In this regard, small molecule-mediated cellular conversion has attracted special attention because of its ease of reproducibility, applicability, and fewer safety concerns. However, currently available protocols for the direct conversion of somatic cells to neurons are limited in clinical application due of their complex nature, lengthy process, and low conversion efficiency. Methods and Results: Here, we report a new protocol involving chemical-based direct conversion of human fibroblasts (HF) to matured neuron-like cells with a short duration and high conversion efficiency using temporal and strategic dual epigenetic regulation. In this protocol, epigenetic modulation by inhibition of histone deacetylase and bromodo-main enabled to overcome recalcitrant nature of adult fibroblasts and shorten the duration of neuronal reprogramming. We further observed that an extended epigenetic regulation is necessary to maintain the induced neuro-nal program to generate a homogenous population of neuron-like cells. Conclusions: Therefore, our study provides a new protocol to produce neurons-like cells and highlights the need of proper epigenetic resetting to establish and maintain neuronal program in HF.

Automated summary

A new chemical-based method for directly converting human fibroblasts into mature neuron-like cells with a short duration and high conversion efficiency is developed in this study. It is also found that extended epigenetic regulation is necessary to maintain neuronal programming and generate a homogeneous population of neuron-like cells.