4.8 Review

Recent progress in flexible pressure sensors based on multiple microstructures: from design to application

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Carbon nanotubes field-effect transistor pressure sensor based on three-dimensional conformal force-sensitive gate modulation

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Summary: This paper presents a pressure sensor based on a carbon nanotube field-effect transistor and a three-dimensional conformal force-sensitive top electrode, which exhibits high sensitivity and easy integration. The sensor has a sensitivity of 946.23 kPa-1 and 43.79 kPa-1 in the linear range of 0-30 Pa and 0.03-10 kPa, respectively, higher than piezoresistive and capacitive sensors. Additionally, the sensor has a response time of less than 30 ms and a recovery time of about 30 ms.

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Conductive and room-temperature self-healable polydimethylsiloxane-based elastomer film with ridge-like microstructure for piezoresistive pressure sensor

Zhipeng Yang et al.

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Highly sensitive and wide-range flexible pressure sensor based on carbon nanotubes-coated polydimethylsiloxane foam

Xiao Lei et al.

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Chenying Zhang et al.

Summary: This study uses laser direct writing technology to fabricate highly ordered hierarchical microstructures (HMs) for enhancing the sensitivity of flexible pressure sensors. Two case studies are conducted to verify the performance of the sensor, demonstrating the potential of laser processing in fabricating highly ordered HMs for achieving highly sensitive sensors.

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Flexible Pressure Sensors Based on Bionic Microstructures: From Plants to Animals

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Summary: This paper summarizes various types of flexible pressure sensors with bionic structures developed in recent years. After introducing the latest advancements in flexible pressure sensors, it focuses on substrate and active materials, sensing mechanisms, key parameters, and sensitivity optimization strategies, as well as various bionic microstructures applied to flexible pressure sensors and their performance characterization.

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Tunable Wide Range and High Sensitivity Flexible Pressure Sensors with Ordered Multilevel Microstructures

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Wearable RGO/MXene Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors with Hierarchical Microspines for Detecting Human Motion

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All-Nanofiber Network Structure for Ultrasensitive Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors

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Graded Interlocks for Iontronic Pressure Sensors with High Sensitivity and High Linearity over a Broad Range

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Li Li et al.

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All Paper-Based, Multilayered, Inkjet-Printed Tactile Sensor in Wide Pressure Detection Range with High Sensitivity

Taehoon Lee et al.

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Hierarchical MXene@ZIF-67 Film Based High Performance Tactile Sensor with Large Sensing Range from Motion Monitoring to Sound Wave Detection

Xiyao Fu et al.

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Flexible pressure sensors via engineering microstructures for wearable human-machine interaction and health monitoring applications

Xihua Cui et al.

Summary: This review provides an overview of the recent advances in the fabrication and application of high-performance flexible pressure sensors via engineering microstructures. The implementation mechanisms and fabrication strategies of different microstructures are systematically summarized, and the applications of flexible pressure sensors with microstructures in the fields of wearable human-machine interaction and healthcare monitoring are comprehensively discussed.

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J. Chen et al.

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Yimeng Ni et al.

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All-Nanofibrous Ionic Capacitive Pressure Sensor for Wearable Applications

Xiuzhu Lin et al.

Summary: In this study, an all-nanofibrous ionic pressure sensor (IPS) is developed with enhanced capacitance and sensing properties by the formation of an electrical double layer at the electrode/electrolyte contact interface. The IPS has high sensitivity and rapid response and recovery speed, making it suitable for real-time monitoring of multiple physiological signals, and it also has excellent air permeability and heat dissipation.

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Porous Microstructure-Assisted Flexible and Highly Sensitive Polymer Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor

Lakhvir Singh et al.

Summary: This study presents a flexible PDMS-based pressure sensor with hemispherical microstructures, achieving high sensitivity and operation range. Experiments and simulations show that decreasing the substrate thickness and adding porosity can further improve the sensor performance.

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A novel pre-deposition assisted strategy for inkjet printing graphene-based flexible pressure sensor with enhanced performance

Jiawei Sun et al.

Summary: Inkjet printing of graphene-based materials is a promising deposition method, but faces challenges with the coffee ring effect. This paper demonstrates a novel pre-deposition assisted strategy to achieve uniform deposition of graphene nanosheets, resulting in a flatter printed pattern. The method opens up opportunities for low-cost inkjet printing of graphene-based electronic devices with desirable performance.

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Bioinspired hierarchical polydimethylsiloxane/polyaniline array for ultrasensitive pressure monitoring

Yan Ma et al.

Summary: In this study, a hierarchical structure-based pressure sensor composed of PDMS micropillars and PANI nanoneedles was designed. This sensor exhibits excellent performance in terms of sensitivity, response time, and cycle stability, and shows promising potential in human physiological signal monitoring.

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Skin-inspired flexible and high-performance MXene@polydimethylsiloxane piezoresistive pressure sensor for human motion detection

Baodeng Chen et al.

Summary: Flexible high-performance piezoresistive pressure sensors have gained significant attention for their potential applications in smart robots, wearable electronics, and electronic skin. This study presents a new strategy for fabricating a double-layer piezoresistive pressure sensor with a wide sensing range and high sensitivity, inspired by human skin. The sensor exhibited high sensitivity, fast response/recovery time, and excellent repeatability. It was successfully applied for real-time detection of various physiological activities and spatial pressure distribution visualization.

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Electrically conductive porous MXene-polymer composites with ultralow percolation threshold via Pickering high internal phase emulsion templating strategy

Zheng Zheng et al.

Summary: A facile method to prepare lightweight ECPCs with a well-controlled segregated structure via Ti3C2Tx-stabilized HIPE templating is proposed in this work. The Ti3C2Tx flakes are mainly immobilized at the water-oil interface and eventually form the segregated network in composites. The prepared porous polymer composites exhibit good conductivity even with ultralow Ti3C2Tx content.

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Fluorescent markable multi-mode pressure sensors achieved by sandwich-structured electrospun P(VDF-HFP) nanocomposite films

Guimao Fu et al.

Summary: The development of multi-functional piezoelectric polymer film is highly significant for wearable functional devices, flexible sensors, and intelligent wearables. This study prepared a fluorescent labeled multimode pressure sensor using electrospinning technology with P(VDF-HFP) nanocomposite films. The sandwich-structured devices showed high sensitivity, piezoelectric output, fluorescence functionality, flexibility, and thermal properties. The results suggest that sandwich-structured devices based on fluorescent labeled electroactive P(VDF-HFP) composite nanofiber films have great potential for multi-functional flexible sensors and intelligent wearables.

POLYMER (2022)

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Morphological Engineering of Sensing Materials for Flexible Pressure Sensors and Artificial Intelligence Applications

Zhengya Shi et al.

Summary: This article introduces the rapid development of flexible pressure sensors, focusing on morphological engineering technologies and structural design of sensing materials. The article summarizes fabrication techniques and discusses the applications of pressure sensors in healthcare, smart homes, and digital sports. Finally, the article comprehensively discusses the potential challenges and prospects for the future development of pressure sensors.

NANO-MICRO LETTERS (2022)

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Structure-Driven, Flexible, Multilayered, Paper-Based Pressure Sensor for Human-Machine Interfacing

Neha Sakhuja et al.

Summary: This paper proposes a low-cost hierarchical construction strategy to enhance the sensitivity of a paper-based piezoresistive pressure sensor and demonstrates its practical applications in human-machine interfacing and biodegradation.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2022)

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Bioinspired and multiscale hierarchical design of a pressure sensor with high sensitivity and wide linearity range for high-throughput biodetection

Lingting Huang et al.

Summary: Currently, fabricating flexible pressure sensors with high sensitivity, wide linearity, and a simple manufacturing process is a major challenge. The use of flexible piezoresistive sensors in electronic skin and healthcare detection systems for sensing biophysical signals has gained considerable interest. However, there is a lack of effective signal transduction for sensors to detect biochemical signals, which contain more reference value and health information. This study proposes a multiscale hierarchical designed pressure sensor based on polyaniline urchin-like hollow spheres (PANI-UHSs) as a conductive material, mixed with a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) substrate, to address this limitation.

NANO ENERGY (2022)

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Flexible tensile strain-pressure sensor with an off-axis deformation-insensitivity

Hongcheng Xu et al.

Summary: This study developed an integrated sensor patch (ISP) that can sense both strain and pressure, and is insensitive to off-axis deformations. The patch has independent tensile strain and out-of-plane pressure sensing capabilities, making it suitable for applications in human-machine interfaces and virtual reality.

NANO ENERGY (2022)

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Eu3+-Doped Electrospun Polyvinylidene Fluoride-Hexafluoropro pylene/Graphene Oxide Multilayer Composite Nanofiber for the Fabrication of Flexible Pressure Sensors

Guimao Fu et al.

Summary: In this study, a highly sensitive red light-emitting flexible pressure sensor with high piezoelectricity and good electrostrictive effect was fabricated. The material also exhibited excellent ferroelectric and fluorescence properties, indicating its great potential in applications such as photoluminescent fabrics, flexible sensors, soft actuators, and energy storage devices.

ACS OMEGA (2022)

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Biocompatible and breathable all-fiber-based piezoresistive sensor with high sensitivity for human physiological movements monitoring

Wenwen Du et al.

Summary: This study presents a biocompatible and breathable all-fiber-based piezoresistive sensor with high sensitivity. The sensor has excellent flexibility, reliable breathability, favorable biocompatibility, rapid response/recovery time, and excellent cycling stability. The introduction of an insulation layer further enhances the sensitivity of the sensor.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2022)

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Merkel receptor-inspired integratable and biocompatible pressure sensor with linear and ultrahigh sensitive response for versatile applications

Zhongqian Song et al.

Summary: By introducing orthogonal knitted threads and local stress concentration strategy, the linear range of pressure sensors can be significantly broadened while maintaining high sensitivity. These sensors have the characteristics of miniaturization, integrability, and biocompatibility.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2022)

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Bioinspired engineering of gradient and hierarchical architecture into pressure sensors toward high sensitivity within ultra-broad working range

Shiqiang Song et al.

Summary: Introducing hierarchical microstructure in sensor design enhances sensitivity and enables high sensitivity detection across a broad pressure range, with fast response time and excellent stability.

NANO ENERGY (2022)

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Review on the role of intrinsic structure on properties of dielectric elastomers for enhanced actuation performance

Dhananjay Sahu et al.

Materials Today Communications (2022)

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Effects of AC frequency on the capacitance measurement of hybrid response pressure sensors

Zhengjie Li et al.

Summary: This article introduces the application of soft pressure sensors in soft robots, bio-integrated devices, and deformable touch panels, and proposes a solution of a hybrid-response pressure sensor (HRPS). The frequency response of HRPS is shown to be controlled by a dimensionless parameter, and a practical guideline for selecting the optimal measurement frequency is established based on experimental validation.

SOFT MATTER (2022)

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Leaf-meridian bio-inspired nanofibrous electronics with uniform distributed microgrid and 3D multi-level structure for wearable applications

Mingxu Wang et al.

Summary: In this study, a spatial multi-level nanofibrous membrane with a grid-like microstructure of uniform distribution is fabricated through surface engineering. The membrane shows high sensitivity, fast response time, and low detection limit when used as a pressure sensor. Additionally, it can be used as a scalable and integrable platform for electro-thermal conversion and energy harvesting.

NPJ FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS (2022)

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Highly Sensitive and Flexible Capacitive Pressure Sensor Based on a Dual-Structured Nanofiber Membrane as the Dielectric for Attachable Wearable Electronics

Ruiqing Li et al.

Summary: In this study, a simple method to fabricate sandwich-structured capacitive pressure sensors on an industrial scale and at low cost was proposed. The prepared sensors showed high sensitivity, fast response time, and high durability, making them suitable for detecting human movements, object grasping, and pressure distribution. This research demonstrates the potential application of attachable wearable electronics.

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Spray printed conjugated polymer on tissue paper for highly sensitive pressure sensors

Xin-Hua Zhao et al.

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POLYMER INTERNATIONAL (2021)

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Polyimide Nanofiber-Reinforced Ti3C2Tx Aerogel with Lamella-Pillar Microporosity for High-Performance Piezoresistive Strain Sensing and Electromagnetic Wave Absorption

Lei Pu et al.

Summary: By utilizing short polyimide nanofibers (PINFs) as cross-linking and supporting building blocks, a lightweight, robust, and elastic PINF/Ti3C2Tx MXene composite aerogel (PINF/MA) with a unique 3D lamella-pillar microporous architecture was constructed in this work. The PINF/MA composite aerogel demonstrates exceptional piezoresistive sensing performance, wide pressure range, high sensitivity, low detection limit, and great compression/rebound stability, making it a promising candidate for wearable strain sensors and microwave absorbers.

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Graded Microstructured Flexible Pressure Sensors with High Sensitivity and an Ultrabroad Pressure Range for Epidermal Pulse Monitoring

Xue Wang et al.

Summary: This study introduces a high-performance pressure sensor developed using a commercial conductive fabric and a silica gel film, with high sensitivity, ultrawide pressure range, and convenient fabrication process suitable for large-scale production.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Skin-Inspired Hair-Epidermis-Dermis Hierarchical Structures for Electronic Skin Sensors with High Sensitivity over a Wide Linear Range

Huijun Kong et al.

Summary: The study introduces a hierarchical structure of electronic skin sensor based on hair-epidermis-dermis design, achieving high sensitivity and wide linear sensing range simultaneously. The sensor demonstrates a low detection limit, fast response time, excellent stability, and reproducibility, making it suitable for detecting airflow, monitoring human pulse, and sound-induced vibrations.

ACS NANO (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Highly Sensitive Capacitive Pressure Sensors over a Wide Pressure Range Enabled by the Hybrid Responses of a Highly Porous Nanocomposite

Kyoung-Ho Ha et al.

Summary: Researchers have developed a new hybrid-response pressure sensor with increased sensitivity, achieved by combining electrically conductive porous nanocomposites with an ultrathin dielectric layer. Through simplified analytical models, they have successfully gained a fundamental understanding of the sensor and predicted optimal CNT doping.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2021)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Wearable Sensors-Enabled Human-Machine Interaction Systems: From Design to Application

Ruiyang Yin et al.

Summary: Compared to traditional electronic devices, flexible and wearable HMI systems are the inevitable future trend for achieving effective human-machine interaction. Developing effective strategies for designing material microstructures on flexible sensors and electric devices is crucial for seamless manipulation of high-performance wearable HMI systems. This review highlights the mechanisms and strategies for designing flexible sensors, the importance of real-time acquisition of human physiology and surrounding signals, and the advanced applications of wearable HMI systems in various fields.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2021)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

First Decade of Interfacial Iontronic Sensing: From Droplet Sensors to Artificial Skins

Yu Chang et al.

Summary: Iontronic sensing technology, utilizing the supercapacitive nature of the electrical double layer at the electrolytic-electronic interface, offers ultrahigh device sensitivity and resolution, suitable for static and dynamic stimuli, with thin and flexible device architectures, providing a unique combination of features to tackle challenges in pressure and tactile sensing applications.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2021)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Wide linear range and highly sensitive flexible pressure sensor based on multistage sensing process for health monitoring and human-machine interfaces

Mengjuan Zhong et al.

Summary: A micro-nano hybrid conductive elastomer film with arched micro-patterns array was developed to fabricate flexible pressure sensors with wide linear range and high sensitivity. The sensor exhibits a linear sensitivity of 26.6 kPa(-1) and a wide linear range of 20 Pa - 600 kPa, enabling applications in health monitoring and human-machine interfaces.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2021)

Article Engineering, Multidisciplinary

Fabrication of hierarchically porous structured PDMS composites and their application as a flexible capacitive pressure sensor

Juwon Hwang et al.

Summary: In this study, hierarchically porous PDMS composites were fabricated for flexible capacitive pressure sensors, with high sensitivity and wide measurement range. Finite element analysis was used to analyze the non-linearity of the sensors, and practical applications such as finger attached-sensor, respiration monitoring system, and sensor array tests showed the potential of the proposed sensors in wearable electronics.

COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING (2021)

Article Engineering, Environmental

A lightweight, ultrathin aramid-based flexible sensor using a combined inkjet printing and buckling strategy

Jianpeng Wu et al.

Summary: The ultrathin aramid-based flexible sensor, produced through inkjet printing and buckling strategy, demonstrates excellent electrical response to external pressure, sensitive subtle-pressure perception, remarkable mechanical durability, and rapid response and recovery speed. It can be attached to skin/machine surfaces for continuous monitoring of various physical signals and has the potential for broad applications in contact and noncontact perception platforms for portable electronic devices.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2021)

Article Engineering, Environmental

A high-performance piezoresistive sensor based on poly (styrene-co-methacrylic acid)@polypyrrole microspheres/ graphene-decorated TPU electrospun membrane for human motion detection

Haonan Cheng et al.

Summary: This paper presents a high-performance flexible piezoresistive sensor based on micro-nano 3D networked conductive electrospun membrane, featuring low operating voltage, high sensitivity, short response time, and excellent cycle stability, suitable for monitoring human physiological signals and motions.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2021)

Article Engineering, Multidisciplinary

Bamboo-inspired mechanically flexible and electrically conductive polydimethylsiloxane foam materials with designed hierarchical pore structures for ultra-sensitive and reliable piezoresistive pressure sensor

Shou-Wei Dai et al.

Summary: This study presents a bamboo-inspired design approach to fabricate mechanically flexible and electrically conductive carbon nanofiber/polydimethylsiloxane foam composites with unique and hierarchical pore structures, which exhibit outstanding mechanical flexibility, high sensitivity, and reliability for wide-stress motions. The optimized multi-level pore structures contribute to the highly sensitive sensing behavior and excellent mechanical reliability of the sensor, making it suitable for various applications such as vital signs monitoring and human motions tracking.

COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Flexible self-powered multifunctional sensor for stiffness-tunable soft robotic gripper by multimaterial 3D printing

Mengying Xie et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates a self-powered, flexible multifunctional sensor that provides proprioceptive feedback through curvature and stiffness, while also acting as an active jamming element to adjust finger stiffness. It enhances interaction between grippers and manipulated objects, potentially leading to the development of anthropomorphic robotic grippers.

NANO ENERGY (2021)

Review Chemistry, Physical

Recent Progress in Flexible Microstructural Pressure Sensors toward Human-Machine Interaction and Healthcare Applications

Faliang He et al.

Summary: This article introduces the research status and application prospects of flexible microstructural pressure sensors in the context of rapid development of artificial intelligence, focusing on their microstructure design, preparation strategies, and material selection. The potential applications in the fields of medical health and human-machine interaction are emphasized.

SMALL METHODS (2021)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Flexible and Sensitivity-Adjustable Pressure Sensors Based on Carbonized Bacterial Nanocellulose/Wood-Derived Cellulose Nanofibril Composite Aerogels

Sheng Chen et al.

Summary: Renewable biomaterials like cellulose were used in the preparation of a composite aerogel for a flexible pressure sensor, exhibiting remarkable flexibility, fast response, and adjustable sensitivity in a wide pressure range. The sensor's working mechanism, potential applications, and the utilization of sustainable natural biomaterials in high-tech fields were well demonstrated in this study.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Controlled Assembly of MXene Nanosheets as an Electrode and Active Layer for High-Performance Electronic Skin

Xiyao Fu et al.

Summary: MXene materials have been successfully applied in electronic skins, showing excellent performance compared to other electrodes. The flexible device with Ti3C2Tx MXene electrodes exhibits high sensitivity, fast response time, low detection limit, and robust mechanical stability.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2021)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Wearable piezoresistive pressure sensors based on 3D graphene

Minghui Cao et al.

Summary: Wearable piezoresistive sensors based on three-dimensional graphene offer advantages such as simple preparation, low power consumption, and convenient signal acquisition, showing great potential in applications like human motion detection and health monitoring.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2021)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Multifunctional interlocked e-skin based on elastic micropattern array facilely prepared by hot-air-gun

Yajie Zhang et al.

Summary: An efficient method named hot-air-gun assisted preparation is proposed to fabricate electronic skin with quasi-hemispherical micropatterned array, enhancing its sensing performance significantly. This interlocked e-skin exhibits multifunction to discriminate pressure-temperature stimuli, monitor various human physiological signals, and wirelessly monitor respiratory rates. With facile preparation process and low-cost raw materials, this approach can be easily scaled up for practical production.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2021)

Article Materials Science, Composites

Highly sensitive and flexible piezoresistive sensor based on c-MWCNTs decorated TPU electrospun fibrous network for human motion detection

Siming Li et al.

Summary: A flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor with excellent conductivity and stable structure was fabricated, showing high sensitivity, wide working pressure range, low hysteresis deviation, and good durability. Demonstrations successfully acquired human physiological signals, demonstrating the potential uses of the sensor in e-skins and wearable devices.

COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2021)

Article Chemistry, Applied

Facile synthesis of multifunctional Ag-nanocomposite poly(HIPE) foam via emulsion template method

Xiaotong Li et al.

Summary: Efficient nanoparticle-based stabilizer was designed to achieve an interconnected porous monolith, using Ag-nanocomposite poly HIPE template. The composite showed promising catalytic degradation, antibacterial activity, and enhanced electrical conductivity properties, making it a versatile material for various applications.

REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Highly Sensitive Flexible Tactile Sensors in Wide Sensing Range Enabled by Hierarchical Topography of Biaxially Strained and Capillary-Densified Carbon Nanotube Bundles

Sangjun Sim et al.

Summary: A resistive tactile sensor based on the hierarchical topography of carbon nanotubes is proposed, featuring a wide sensing range, high sensitivity, and low detection limit.
Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Textile Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Wearable Pulse Wave Monitoring

Guorui Chen et al.

Summary: Textile triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are emerging as a compelling biotechnology for wearable pulse wave monitoring due to their high sensitivity, rapid response time, wearability, and low cost. Research discusses sensing mechanisms for pulse-to-electricity conversion, analytical models for calculating cardiovascular parameters, and application scenarios for textile TENGs. Challenges that limit the wider application of this technology are identified, along with suggestions for future research directions in the fields of wearable pulse wave monitoring and cardiovascular disease diagnosis.

TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

A flexible ultra-sensitive triboelectric tactile sensor of wrinkled PDMS/MXene composite films for E-skin

Ya-Wei Cai et al.

Summary: The study constructed a flexible TENG as a self-powered tactile sensor using a simple method, achieving high sensitivity and showing good application prospects in monitoring complex physiological signals and simulating human touch sensation.

NANO ENERGY (2021)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Controllable Graphene Wrinkle for a High-Performance Flexible Pressure Sensor

Xinyue Tang et al.

Summary: This study developed a high-sensitivity and low-cost flexible piezoresistive sensor by combining controllable graphene-nanowalls wrinkle and a polydimethylsiloxane elastomer. The sensor exhibited fast response speed and low limit of detection, with a controllable microstructure allowing successful detection of various signals. The sensor's potential applications in prosthetics limbs and intelligent robotics were demonstrated through object manipulation, tactile imaging, and braille recognition.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2021)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Synergy of Porous Structure and Microstructure in Piezoresistive Material for High-Performance and Flexible Pressure Sensors

Wei Li et al.

Summary: A porous and microstructure piezoresistive material made of PDMS and MWCNTs was designed for a flexible and highly sensitive pressure sensor, showing high sensitivity response in a wide pressure range from 1 Pa to 100 kPa.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Flexible Waterborne Polyurethane/Cellulose Nanocrystal Composite Aerogels by Integrating Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes for a Highly Sensitive Pressure Sensor

Jianyu Zhai et al.

Summary: A flexible piezoresistive sensor with high sensitivity, low cost, and wide response range was developed using a composite aerogel. The sensor demonstrated remarkable mechanical properties, high sensitivity, low detection limit, and stability. It could successfully detect various human motions and extract real-time information, while also exhibiting excellent thermal insulation for potential use in high-temperature environments.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2021)

Article Materials Science, Composites

Flexible pressure sensor based on cigarette filter and highly conductive MXene sheets

Ran Li et al.

Summary: Flexible and cost-effective MXene-cigarette filter based pressure sensors were fabricated by dip-coating cigarette filters with Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets in the aqueous dispersion. The sensors exhibit fast response to compression and excellent cycling stability. These sensors can be used to monitor human behavior due to their high sensitivity and flexibility.

COMPOSITES COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Engineering, Electrical & Electronic

Research progress of flexible wearable pressure sensors

Xiangfu Wang et al.

Summary: Flexible pressure sensors with high sensitivity, flexibility, and lightness have been extensively researched in various fields. The latest research progress, challenges, and future prospects of flexible pressure sensors are discussed, emphasizing the importance of exploring new sensing mechanisms and functional materials.

SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Multilayer Double-Sided Microstructured Flexible Iontronic Pressure Sensor with a Record-wide Linear Working Range

Yan Xiao et al.

Summary: The flexible capacitive pressure sensor presented in this study features an ultrabroad linear working range and high sensitivity, achieved through a multi-layered structure with unique arrangement of materials.

ACS SENSORS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Hierarchically Microstructure-Bioinspired Flexible Piezoresistive Bioelectronics

Tao Yang et al.

Summary: The hierarchically microstructure-bioinspired piezoresistive sensor exhibits ultrahigh sensitivity, wide pressure detection range, fast response time, and can monitor human physiological signals and movement states successfully.

ACS NANO (2021)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Flexible and Stretchable Capacitive Sensors with Different Microstructures

Jing Qin et al.

Summary: Sensors that can simulate human skin have gained extensive attention, with flexible capacitive sensors playing a key role in various fields. The design of microstructures is crucial for improving sensitivity, with five commonly used microstructures for pressure sensors and four for strain sensors. The advantages, disadvantages, and practical values of different structures are systematically elaborated to guide the development of advanced flexible and stretchable capacitive sensors.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Towards high-performance linear piezoelectrics: Enhancing the piezoelectric response of zinc oxide thin films through epitaxial growth on flexible substrates

Yongkuan Li et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that epitaxial growth of undoped ZnO films on flexible substrates can significantly improve the piezoelectric constant and maintain the linearity of the piezoelectric response, mainly due to epitaxial strain. This method has the potential to remove barriers for the application of linear-piezoelectrics.

APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE (2021)

Article Engineering, Multidisciplinary

Highly stretchable pressure sensors with wrinkled fibrous geometry for selective pressure sensing with minimal lateral strain-induced interference

Jinzheng Yang et al.

Summary: This study developed a high-performance pressure sensor with periodic wrinkles and fibrous network structure, exhibiting high sensitivity, wide working range, and good mechanical stability. With surface treatment, the sensor achieved long-term reliable sensing, high stretchability, and resistance to lateral strain, suitable for future e-skin applications.

COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING (2021)

Article Polymer Science

A facile strategy to construct flexible and conductive silk fibroin aerogel for pressure sensors using bifunctional PEG

Jingjing Yuan et al.

Summary: The research modified SF aerogel with PEG to enhance its elasticity and conductivity, as well as to promote the formation of PPy. The study on SF-based conductive aerogel as a pressure sensor showed better sensitivity and good synchronization between pressure and resistance compared to literature reports.

EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

Flexible and high sensitive capacitive pressure sensor with microstructured electrode inspired by ginkgo leaf

Peng Zhang et al.

Summary: The study developed a capacitive pressure sensor with high sensitivity and stability, which has potential applications in fields such as intelligent robotics and health monitoring.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS (2021)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

A High-Performance Flexible Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor Features an Integrated Design of Conductive Fabric Electrode and Polyurethane Sponge

Haonan Cheng et al.

Summary: The study focuses on using conductive polyurethane sponge and polyester fabric to create a composite material for flexible pressure sensors, combined with graphene oxide for high sensitivity, wide detection range, and long durability.

MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING (2021)

Article Engineering, Electrical & Electronic

Graphene foam-polymer based electronic skin for flexible tactile sensor

Xiaolan Tang et al.

Summary: The impact of static and dynamic pressure on graphene foam-polymer composites was investigated, with dynamic pressure showing higher sensitivity and quicker recovery time compared to static pressure. The sensitivity of the dynamic pressure sensor was found to be almost double that of the static pressure sensor.

SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL (2021)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Micro-Nano Processing of Active Layers in Flexible Tactile Sensors via Template Methods: A Review

Hongsen Niu et al.

Summary: Template methods are considered crucial for micro-nano processing in the active layer of flexible tactile sensors, enhancing properties like sensitivity and response time. However, the lack of a perfect system for processing and applicable conditions has slowed down the development and commercialization of these sensors. Despite the obstacles, advancements in various disciplines have laid the groundwork for template methods, fueling continuous progress in flexible tactile sensors.
Article Chemistry, Physical

Flexible all-textile dual tactile-tension sensors for monitoring athletic motion during taekwondo

Yulong Ma et al.

Summary: A novel smart garment with dual tactile and tension stimulus response is proposed, using composite textile assembly with core-sheath yarn and spacer fabric. Challenges in dual sensing technology are addressed and the potential applications of the technology are demonstrated.

NANO ENERGY (2021)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Wide-Range and High-Stability Flexible Conductive Graphene/Thermoplastic Polyurethane Foam for Piezoresistive Sensor Applications

Xiaozhou Lu et al.

Summary: In this study, a flexible conductive reduced graphene oxide/thermoplastic polyurethane porous foam was proposed for high-pressure range applications. Experimental results demonstrated that the foam exhibited outstanding performance in pressure detection range, sensitivity, response time, and stability, meeting the demands for long-term use in high-pressure range.

ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES (2021)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

High-Performance Flexible Pressure Sensor Based on Controllable Hierarchical Microstructures by Laser Scribing for Wearable Electronics

Qifeng Du et al.

Summary: This study presents a simple and scalable fabrication process for a flexible pressure sensor with high sensitivity and wide detection range. Using silver nanowires coated, laser-ablated hierarchical microstructured polydimethylsiloxane, and an interdigital electrode, the sensor achieves a high sensitivity of 4.48 kPa(-1) and a detection range from 0 to 65 kPa. The device has been successfully applied in measuring arterial pulse, breathing, and static tremors on the human body, demonstrating its promising applications in wearable electronic skins.

ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES (2021)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Multi-length scale hierarchical architecture overcoming pressure sensing range-speed tradeoff for skin electronics

Qiong Tian et al.

Summary: This study presents a contact architecture combining a unique microstructure and hierarchical scheme to overcome the pressure sensing range-speed tradeoff in flexible pressure sensors. A sensitive piezoresistive pressure sensor with wide sensing range and fast response is demonstrated, utilizing various mechanisms across different length scales. The multi-length scale contact architecture opens a new avenue for advanced flexible pressure sensors, providing a wide range operation without compromising sensitivity and speed.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C (2021)

Review Chemistry, Physical

Emulsion templated advanced functional materials from emerging nano building blocks

Chenfei Yao et al.

Summary: The development of emulsion templated functional materials has made significant progress using new building blocks like graphene, transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes), and nanocellulose. These materials offer excellent properties and diverse applications in fields such as sensing, energy storage, fire resistance, water purification, and microdroplet transportation.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2021)

Article Engineering, Electrical & Electronic

Three-Dimensional Printing of a Flexible Capacitive Pressure Sensor Array in the Assembly Network of Carbon Fiber Electrodes and Interlayer of a Porous Polyurethane Dielectric

Ruiqing Li et al.

Summary: This work introduces a facile 3D printing method for a flexible capacitive pressure sensor array, utilizing carbon fiber electrodes, porous polyurethane dielectric, and sacrificial salt microparticles to simplify the manufacturing process while improving sensor sensitivity. The sensor array shows fast response time, good stability, and high pressure resolution, demonstrating potential applications in human motion detection.

ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS (2021)

Article Automation & Control Systems

Ultrasensitive Hierarchical Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor for Wide-Range Pressure Detection

Jing Li et al.

Summary: A facile laser-engraving method was proposed to fabricate a flexible multiwalled-carbon-nanotube/poly(dimethylsiloxane) composite-based piezoresistive sensor with hierarchical microstructures, showing high sensitivity and a wide pressure sensing range. The sensor can monitor subtle pressure changes and has promising applications in wearable electronics.

ADVANCED INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS (2021)

Review Chemistry, Physical

Advances in self-powered triboelectric pressure sensors

Hao Lei et al.

Summary: Self-powered pressure sensors based on triboelectric nanogenerator have gained attention for their potential applications in the Internet of Things. These sensors optimize power consumption and performance. Efforts are ongoing to improve sensing performance to meet practical demands.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Flexible pressure sensors with high pressure sensitivity and low detection limit using a unique honeycomb-designed polyimide/reduced graphene oxide composite aerogel

Qiang Xu et al.

Summary: The study presents superelastic and highly pressure-sensitive polyimide/reduced graphene oxide aerogel sensors with a unique honeycomb structure, which were designed and fabricated using a bidirectional freezing technique. These sensors exhibit high pressure sensitivity, ultralow detection limit, broad detection range, fast response time, and excellent stability during cycling, showing promising potential applications in harsh environments. The aerogel sensors have been successfully used to detect a full range of human motion, making them attractive for high-performance flexible pressure sensors and wearable electronic devices.

RSC ADVANCES (2021)

Article Engineering, Multidisciplinary

Biomimetic-inspired micro-nano hierarchical structures for capacitive pressure sensor applications

Chandreswar Mahata et al.

MEASUREMENT (2020)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Ionic Tactile Sensors for Emerging Human-Interactive Technologies: A Review of Recent Progress

Vipin Amoli et al.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2020)

Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Recent progress on flexible and stretchable piezoresistive strain sensors: From design to application

Lingyan Duan et al.

PROGRESS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE (2020)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Highly Sensitive 1T-MoS2 Pressure Sensor with Wide Linearity Based on Hierarchical Microstructures of Leaf Vein as Spacer

Tingting Yang et al.

ADVANCED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS (2020)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Hierarchically Rough Structured and Self-Powered Pressure Sensor Textile for Motion Sensing and Pulse Monitoring

Mengna Lou et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2020)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Glycine-Chitosan-Based Flexible Biodegradable Piezoelectric Pressure Sensor

Ensieh S. Hosseini et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Microchannel-Confined MXene Based Flexible Piezoresistive Multifunctional Micro-Force Sensor

Yuyu Gao et al.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Light-Boosting Highly Sensitive Pressure Sensors Based on Bioinspired Multiscale Surface Structures

Shixiong Yu et al.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2020)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Core-sheath nanofiber yarn for textile pressure sensor with high pressure sensitivity and spatial tactile acuity

Kun Qi et al.

JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE (2020)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Transparent Pressure Sensor with High Linearity over a Wide Pressure Range for 3D Touch Screen Applications

Han Byul Choi et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2020)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

A Highly Sensitive and Broad-Range Pressure Sensor Based on Polyurethane Mesodome Arrays Embedded with Silver Nanowires

Guan-Jun Zhu et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2020)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Multimodal Capacitive and Piezoresistive Sensor for Simultaneous Measurement of Multiple Forces

Shuhua Peng et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2020)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Flexible and Epitaxial Metal Oxide Thin Film Growth by Photoreaction Processing for Electrical and Optical Applications

Tetsuo Tsuchiya et al.

CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL (2020)

Article Materials Science, Composites

Multifunctional and highly sensitive piezoresistive sensing textile based on a hierarchical architecture

Shaodi Zheng et al.

COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2020)

Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Progress in achieving high-performance piezoresistive and capacitive flexible pressure sensors: A review

Wufan Chen et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Enhancing Piezoresistive Pressure Response Device Sensitivity by Orders of Magnitude

Chang-Ming Wang et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Ultrasoft Liquid Metal Elastomer Foams with Positive and Negative Piezopermittivity for Tactile Sensing

Jiayi Yang et al.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Template-Directed Growth of Hierarchical MOF Hybrid Arrays for Tactile Sensor

Kui Zhou et al.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2020)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Microengineering Pressure Sensor Active Layers for Improved Performance

Sara Rachel Arussy Ruth et al.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2020)

Article Engineering, Manufacturing

Structuring the reduced graphene oxide/polyHIPE foam for piezoresistive sensing via emulsion-templated polymerization

Lei Yang et al.

COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING (2020)

Article Materials Science, Ceramics

Flexible and high-sensitivity piezoresistive sensor based on MXene composite with wrinkle structure

Jinfeng Yan et al.

CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL (2020)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Flexible Pressure Sensors for Biomedical Applications: From Ex Vivo to In Vivo

Lin Li et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES (2020)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Platinum Nanozyme-Triggered Pressure-Based Immunoassay Using a Three-Dimensional Polypyrrole Foam-Based Flexible Pressure Sensor

Zhenzhong Yu et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2020)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

A High-Performance Flexible Pressure Sensor Realized by Overhanging Cobweb-like Structure on a Micropost Array

Weiguan Zhang et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2020)

Review Polymer Science

Polymer nanocomposite meshes for flexible electronic devices

Min Gong et al.

PROGRESS IN POLYMER SCIENCE (2020)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

A flexible pressure sensor based on melamine foam capped by copper nanowires and reduced graphene oxide

Yaoxu Xiong et al.

MATERIALS TODAY COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Pollen-Shaped Hierarchical Structure for Pressure Sensors with High Sensitivity in an Ultrabroad Linear Response Range

Tingting Zhao et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2020)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Binary Spiky/Spherical Nanoparticle Films with Hierarchical Micro/Nanostructures for High-Performance Flexible Pressure Sensors

Young-Ryul Kim et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2020)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Highly Sensitive P(VDF-TrFE)/BTO Nanofiber-Based Pressure Sensor with Dense Stress Concentration Microstructures

Xiaohe Hu et al.

ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS (2020)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

A highly sensitive piezoresistive sensor with interlocked graphene microarrays for meticulous monitoring of human motions

Lin Cheng et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C (2020)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

A wide linearity range and high sensitivity flexible pressure sensor with hierarchical microstructures via laser marking

Zhaoyang Li et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C (2020)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

High-Performance Pressure Sensors Based on 3D Microstructure Fabricated by a Facile Transfer Technology

Songjia Han et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES (2019)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Flexible Capacitive Pressure Sensor Enhanced by Tilted Micropillar Arrays

Yongsong Luo et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2019)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Tunable, Ultrasensitive, and Flexible Pressure Sensors Based on Wrinkled Microstructures for Electronic Skins

Xiangwen Zeng et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2019)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Microstructured Porous Pyramid-Based Ultrahigh Sensitive Pressure Sensor Insensitive to Strain and Temperature

Jun Chang Yang et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2019)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Highly Sensitive Flexible Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor Developed Using Biomimetically Textured Porous Materials

Tingting Zhao et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2019)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Nanopattern-Embedded Micropillar Structures for Security Identification

Zhi-Jun Zhao et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2019)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Multi-Layered, Hierarchical Fabric-Based Tactile Sensors with High Sensitivity and Linearity in Ultrawide Pressure Range

Soonjae Pyo et al.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2019)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

A lotus leaf based random laser

Xueyang Li et al.

ORGANIC ELECTRONICS (2019)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

The Wetting State of Water on a Rose Petal

Monojit Chakraborty et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES (2019)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

High Sensitivity and Broad Range Flexible Pressure Sensor Using Multilayered Porous PDMS/AgNP Sponge

Shuai Zhao et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES (2019)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Hierarchically Structured Vertical Gold Nanowire Array-Based Wearable Pressure Sensors for Wireless Health Monitoring

Bowen Zhu et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2019)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Ultralow-Cost, Highly Sensitive, and Flexible Pressure Sensors Based on Carbon Black and Airlaid Paper for Wearable Electronics

Zhiyuan Han et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2019)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Flexible Pressure-Sensitive Contact Transistors Operating in the Subthreshold Regime

Sanghoon Baek et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2019)

Article Engineering, Electrical & Electronic

Large-Area Soft e-Skin: The Challenges Beyond Sensor Designs

Ravinder Dahiya et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE (2019)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Design Strategy for Porous Composites Aimed at Pressure Sensor Application

Zhen Sang et al.

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