Simple analytical method for total biogenic amines content determination in wine using a smartphone

A simple, fast, and green smartphone-based procedure for total biogenic amines content determination in wine was developed and validated. Sample preparation and analysis were simplified to make the method suitable for routine analyses even in resource-scarce settings. The commercially available S0378 dye and smartphone-based detection were used for this purpose. The developed method has satisfactory figures of merit for putrescine equivalent determination with R-2 of 0.9981. The method's greenness was also assessed using the Analytical Greenness Calculator. Samples of Polish wine were analysed to demonstrate the applicability of the developed method. Finally, results obtained with the developed procedure were compared with those previously obtained with GC-MS in order to evaluate the equivalence of the methods.

Automated summary

A simple, fast, and green smartphone-based procedure was developed for determining the total biogenic amines content in wine. The method was validated and found suitable for routine analyses even in resource-scarce settings. The use of commercially available S0378 dye and smartphone-based detection yielded satisfactory results, with an R-2 value of 0.9981 for putrescine equivalent determination. The method's greenness was assessed using the Analytical Greenness Calculator, and its applicability was demonstrated through analysis of Polish wine samples. The results were compared with those obtained through GC-MS to evaluate method equivalence.