☆ 4.8 Review

Sustainable lignin modifications and processing methods: green chemistry as the way forward

GREEN CHEMISTRY (2023)

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Review Agricultural Engineering

A review on physico-chemical delignification as a pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for enhanced bioconversion

Sumitha Banu Jamaldheen et al.

Summary: This review summarizes various physicochemical pretreatment methods for delignification and evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of each method. The article also discusses methods for overcoming lignin recalcitrance and recovering lignin, providing insights for sustainable lignocellulosic biorefinery.

BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Catalytic self-transfer hydrogenolysis of lignin with endogenous hydrogen: road to the carbon-neutral future

Xiaojun Shen et al.

Summary: This article discusses the issue of depleting fossil fuel resources, focusing on the technology of hydrogenolysis of lignin, along with the challenges and opportunities involved.

CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Dihydrolevoglucosenone (Cyrene™) as a versatile biobased solvent for lignin fractionation, processing, and chemistry

Antoine Duval et al.

Summary: The solubility of technical lignins depends on their structure and extraction process, with only a few polar aprotic solvents capable of fully dissolving them. This study evaluated Cyrene as an alternative solvent and found it to be effective in fully dissolving KL in Cyrene-water mixtures, as well as suitable for refining and chemically modifying lignins. Cyrene shows promise as a green solvent for lignin fractionation, processing, and chemistry, promoting greener processes when solvents are necessary.

GREEN CHEMISTRY (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Ionic liquids screening for lignin dissolution: COSMO-RS simulations and experimental characterization

Ke Yu et al.

Summary: In this study, COSMO-RS was used to screen 3886 ionic liquids (ILs) to find the most effective ones for lignin dissolution. Through simulations and experiments, significant improvement in lignin dissolution was achieved in [PMpyrr][OAc] IL. The study also revealed the underlying mechanism of hydrogen bonding between ILs and lignin, providing possible ways for the development of more selective and efficient lignin dissolution methods based on solvent properties.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Dissolution of Cellulose and Lignin with Biobased Ionic Liquids

Jean-Pierre Mbakidi et al.

Summary: Choline-based ionic liquids, synthesized through a three-step procedure, showed excellent solubilisation properties for cellulose and lignin under mild conditions. Their dissolution capability outperforms commercial ionic liquids or commonly used ones, which enables the design of new biomaterials and extraction of valuable molecules in the chemical industry.

JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY (2022)

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Review Chemistry, Analytical

Green analytical chemistry metrics: A review

Muhammad Sajid et al.

Summary: Green analytical chemistry promotes environmentally friendly practices such as reducing the use of toxic chemicals, energy-efficient equipment, and minimizing waste generation. Various metrics have been developed to evaluate the greenness of analytical procedures, with tools like Analytical Eco-Scale and Green Analytical Procedure Index playing important roles in assessing the environmental impact of analytical processes. This paper explores the principles and applications of these greenness evaluation metrics, highlighting both their advantages and limitations in promoting sustainable analytical practices.

TALANTA (2022)

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Review Energy & Fuels

A review on organosolv pretreatment of softwood with a focus on enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose

Alankar A. Vaidya et al.

Summary: A clean and efficient fractionation of biomass into cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin streams is crucial in biofuel and biorefinery industries. This review focuses on the organosolv pretreatment specifically developed for softwood as a feedstock and its impact on enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. It discusses process severity factor, solvent selection, and catalyst choice in the organosolv process, as well as differences between conventional pulping and organosolv pretreatment. The physico-chemical changes that occur in organosolv fractionated cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose are explained, along with the challenges faced by pilot and demonstration scale organosolv treatment plants for commercialization. Future growth and advancement in softwood organosolv processes are also discussed.

BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY (2022)

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Article Engineering, Biomedical

How far is Lignin from being a biomedical material?

Sigit Sugiarto et al.

Summary: The review highlights the potential of utilizing lignin as a versatile biomaterial and discusses the challenges and outlook in developing and enhancing biomaterials through chemical modifications of lignin.

BIOACTIVE MATERIALS (2022)

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Article Agricultural Engineering

Preparation and characterization of aminated co-solvent enhanced lignocellulosic fractionation lignin as a renewable building block for the synthesis of non-isocyanate polyurethanes

Xianzhi Meng et al.

Summary: Lignin, a major bioresource, has the potential to be used as a building block for biopolymer production. In this study, highly pure lignin extracted from co-solvent enhanced lignocellulosic fractionation was utilized to produce biobased non-isocyanate polyurethanes. The mechanical properties of these lignin based polyurethanes can be adjusted by modifying the lignin constituents. The addition of aminated lignin improves the thermal stability of the materials.

INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS (2022)

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Article Agricultural Engineering

Biobased rigid polyurethane foam using gradient acid precipitated lignin from the black liquor: Revealing the relationship between lignin structural features and polyurethane performances

Hui Cao et al.

Summary: This study investigates the characteristics of bio-sourced synthesized RPF using lignin fractionated from the alkaline black liquor of corn stover. Results show that lignin isolated in a specific pH range can improve the compressive strength, thermal stability, and reduce density and thermal conductivity of RPF. The research also explores the relationship between lignin structural features and RPF properties.

INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS (2022)

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Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Lignin fractionation from lignocellulosic biomass using deep eutectic solvents and its valorization

Man Zhou et al.

Summary: This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent progress in lignin fractionation and valorization using DESs. It emphasizes the introduction of new types of DESs and their relationship with lignin fractionation and solubility. Key factors that affect lignin fractionation yield and structure are identified, and the recent growth in computation-based studies and further valorization of lignin is highlighted.

RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear

Advances in value-added aromatics by oxidation of lignin with transition metal complexes

Zhan Zhang et al.

Summary: Lignin, the second most abundant component in biomass, can be depolymerized for the production of highly functionalized aromatic chemicals. This review focuses on various transition metal complexes used for lignin transformation and discusses challenges and future directions.

TRANSITION METAL CHEMISTRY (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Lignin-Glyoxal: A Fully Biobased Formaldehyde-Free Wood Adhesive for Interior Engineered Wood Products

Mohsen Siahkamari et al.

Summary: In this study, a biobased phenolic adhesive was developed by replacing petroleum-based phenol and formaldehyde with unmodified corn stover biorefinery lignin and glyoxal. The synthesized lignin-glyoxal resin showed higher molecular weight than the starting lignin, indicating successful integration. The adhesive demonstrated high dry adhesion strength and stability in room temperature water.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Reaction Selectivity in Electro-oxidation of Lignin Dimer Model Compounds and Synthetic Lignin with Different Mediators for the Laccase Mediator System (PZH, NHPI, ABTS)

Bing Xie et al.

Summary: This study investigated the electro-oxidation of lignin dimer model compounds and synthetic lignin in the presence of different mediators previously used in the laccase mediator system. The three mediators were found to effectively mediate the electro-oxidation reaction, although they showed different reaction selectivities towards different lignin linkages.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Are deep eutectic solvents a real alternative to ionic liquids in metal-catalysed reactions?

Sara Gracia-Barberan et al.

Summary: This microreview explores the potential of Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) as alternatives to Ionic Liquids (ILs) in metal-catalysed reactions. The results show that DES have shown promising results in various reactions, but further research is needed to explore their applicability in other reactions and understand the influence of the nature of the DES. The study also introduces bio-based ionic liquids as a complementary solvent to DES for fully replacing traditional ILs.

CURRENT OPINION IN GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Scalable single-step synthesis of lignin-based liquid polyols with ethylene carbonate for polyurethane foams

A. Duval et al.

Summary: A new method for synthesizing lignin-based liquid polyols has been developed, enabling the production of aromatic polyols in a single step with tunable properties, suitable for the preparation of polyurethane foams.

MATERIALS TODAY CHEMISTRY (2022)

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Article Agricultural Engineering

Enhanced oxidative depolymerization of lignin in cooperative imidazolium-based ionic liquid binary mixtures

Hailian Gao et al.

Summary: The aerobic oxidation of lignin model 2-phenoxyacetophenone (2-PAP) in cooperative ionic liquid mixtures (CoILs) with [C(2)C(1)im]OAc and [B(Z)C(1)im]NTf2 was investigated. The CoILs showed higher conversion and product yields compared to pure ILs, indicating the cooperative effects of the two ILs. [C(2)C(1)im]OAc promoted the catalytic cleavage of aryl-ether bonds and solvation, while [B(Z)C(1)im]NTf2 induced the formation of alkyl radicals and enhanced the product selectivity.

BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

One-Pot Catalytic Conversion of Lignin-Derivable Guaiacols and Syringols to Cyclohexylamines

Xianyuan Wu et al.

Summary: Cyclic primary amines are important building blocks in many chemicals and pharmaceuticals. A powerful catalytic strategy was developed to convert guaiacol into cyclohexylamine with high yield. The method can also be applied to other types of guaiacols. It was found that crude bio-oil from birch lignocellulose can be transformed into a product mixture rich in 4-propylcyclohexylamine.

CHEMSUSCHEM (2022)

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Review Materials Science, Composites

Recent developments in lignin modification and its application in lignin-based green composites: A review

Erika Ayu Agustiany et al.

Summary: This article introduces the structure, properties, and chemical modification methods of lignin, and discusses the applications of modified lignin in manufacturing value-added biocomposites.

POLYMER COMPOSITES (2022)

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Article Polymer Science

Solvent effects on the molecular structure of isolated lignins of Eucalyptus nitens wood and oxidative depolymerization to phenolic chemicals

Robinson Rozas et al.

Summary: The present study aimed to investigate the impact of a solvent/water mixture on the structural characteristics of extracted lignin from Eucalyptus nitens, and to establish a connection between the functional groups and interunit linkages in lignin and the distribution of phenolic compounds obtained after alkaline oxidation.

POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY (2022)

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Review Agricultural Engineering

Deep eutectic solvents as promising pretreatment agents for sustainable lignocellulosic biorefineries: A review

Vishal Sharma et al.

Summary: This review provides a detailed overview of the role of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels and bioproducts, as well as their combination with assistive pretreatment techniques. It also summarizes the challenges and future directions in scaling up DES-based pretreatment technology to commercial scale.

BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

On the Oxidative Valorization of Lignin to High-Value Chemicals: A Critical Review of Opportunities and Challenges

Omar Y. Abdelaziz et al.

Summary: This review focuses on the conversion of technical lignins by oxidative depolymerization using heterogeneous catalysts. It summarizes the current literature on the use of various heterogeneous catalysts for oxidative depolymerization of lignin, including methods, reaction products and yields, as well as techniques for determining product yields and recovery. Challenges and suggestions for future research are also outlined.

CHEMSUSCHEM (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Ultrasonic assisted enhanced catalytic effect of perovskite to promote depolymerization of lignin

Jingyu Xu et al.

Summary: In this paper, a perovskite catalyst with specific pore structure was prepared and applied to lignin depolymerization, demonstrating excellent catalytic performance. This method contributes to the high value utilization of lignin.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Acidic and basic amino acid-based novel deep eutectic solvents and their role in depolymerization of lignin

Md Sajjadur Rahman et al.

Summary: Amino acid-based deep eutectic solvents (AADESs) were formulated and their interactions were investigated using FT-IR, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. Glu-Gly was found to form ester impurities, but they were negligible according to mass spectrometry. TGA showed that both DESs could be used up to 150-160 degrees C. PCA helped visualize the spectroscopic outcomes. Glu-Gly was more efficient for lignin depolymerization.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS (2022)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Recent advances in supported ionic liquid catalysts for sustainable biomass valorisation to high-value chemicals and fuels

Ashish Bohre et al.

Summary: Biomass has emerged as a potential feedstock to depleting and non-renewable fossil fuels. Development of greener catalytic routes with SILCs is important for the valorisation of biomass to achieve a more sustainable future. SILCs possess excellent catalytic activity, thermal stability, and bridge the gap between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2022)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Electro-oxidative depolymerization of lignin for production of value-added chemicals

Daihong Gao et al.

Summary: This article reviews recent research progress in the electro-oxidative depolymerization of lignin, discussing catalysts, electrodes, processes, electrocatalytic systems, and additives. Recommendations are made for the development of more efficient electrocatalysts, new technologies for recovery and purification of target aromatic products, and a deeper understanding of depolymerization mechanisms.

GREEN CHEMISTRY (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Primary amines from lignocellulose by direct amination of alcohol intermediates, catalyzed by RANEY® Ni

Xianyuan Wu et al.

Summary: Primary amines are important for the synthesis of various industrial products. A comprehensive catalytic strategy allows for the direct sourcing of diverse primary amines from lignocellulosic biomass with minimal purification effort. The core of the methodology is the efficient RANEY (R) Ni-catalyzed hydrogen-borrowing amination of alcohol intermediates.

CATALYSIS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Laccase-mediated synthesis of bioactive natural products and their analogues

Nunzio Cardullo et al.

Summary: Laccases are multicopper oxidases that have versatile catalytic functions, including oxidative coupling reactions and degradation of biopolymers. In recent years, laccases have been proven to be valuable for synthesizing biologically active compounds with therapeutic value and demonstrating environmental friendliness. This review summarizes studies on laccase-mediated synthesis of biologically active natural products and their analogues, as well as the application of laccases in natural polymer modification.

RSC CHEMICAL BIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Lignin valorization using biological approach

Mamata Singhvi et al.

Summary: The complex structure and recalcitrant nature of lignin pose a major challenge in its depolymerization into monomeric units for bioconversion. Using microbes to convert depolymerized lignin compounds into target products may provide a solution to the issue of heterogeneity. Designing multiple microbes to convert a mixture of various compounds into the desired product seems to be a feasible approach.

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY (2021)

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Article Polymer Science

In-situ real-time monitoring of hydroxyethyl modification in obtaining uniform lignin derivatives

Li-Yang Liu et al.

Summary: The study focuses on the effect of hydroxyethyl modification on kraft lignin, highlighting that prolonged reaction times may lead to carbonate linkage copolymerization and increased molecular weight of lignin, lowering the quality of the modified lignin. Researchers developed an in-situ, real-time monitoring method to control the quality of derivatized lignin by detecting a high correlation between the volume of produced CO2 and the degree of hydroxyethylation of lignin.

EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Forestry

Co-curing of epoxy resins with aminated lignins: insights into the role of lignin homo crosslinking during lignin amination on the elastic properties

Marcus W. Ott et al.

Summary: The flexibility of the amines used for functionalization of lignin plays a predominant role in determining the elasticity of the resulting polymer. More flexible amines lead to increased elasticity, while less flexible amines result in a more rigid resin material. Atomic force microscopy confirmed that the intrinsic elasticities of the lignin domains are the main reason for this observed tendency.

HOLZFORSCHUNG (2021)

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Article Polymer Science

Lignin-Based Solid Polymer Electrolytes: Lignin-Graft-Poly(ethylene glycol)

Hailing Liu et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates the potential of lignin-graft-polymers in solid electrolyte applications, successfully completing the rare synthesis and conductivity testing of lignin, showing promising results in terms of conductivity and temperature.

MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Solubility and spinnability of cellulose-lignin blends in aqueous NMMO

R. Protz et al.

Summary: This study investigated the direct dissolution and joint spinning of cellulose and lignin from NMMO-water, showing that lignin can dissolve in a range from 30% NMMO to 70% NMMO. Dry-jet wet spinning was achieved for cellulose-lignin compound up to 50% lignin loading, with lignin mainly acting as a filler in the core region of the fiber. The spinnability decreases with increasing lignin content.

CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS (2021)

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Article Agricultural Engineering

Oxidative valorisation of lignin into valuable phenolics: Effect of acidic and basic catalysts and reaction parameters

Avnish Kumar et al.

Summary: The study investigated the depolymerization of rice straw alkali lignin using acidic, basic catalysts, and their mixtures. Results showed that the highest bio-oil yield was achieved with pure ZSM-5 and hydrogen peroxide in a nitrogen atmosphere, while the highest conversion rate was observed in an oxygen environment. Characterization of the bio-oils was done using GC-MS, 1H NMR, FT-IR, and showed selectivity towards 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol.

BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Review Agricultural Engineering

Lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment by deep eutectic solvents on lignin extraction and saccharification enhancement: A review

Wei Wang et al.

Summary: Biomass recalcitrance poses a significant challenge for biomass utilization, leading to the development of deep eutectic solvents (DES) as a promising solvent for biomass pretreatment. Current research focuses on the fractionation and saccharification enhancement of lignocellulosic biomass using DES.

BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Agricultural Engineering

Kinetic modeling of the continuous hydrothermal base catalyzed depolymerization of pine wood based kraft lignin in pilot scale

Justin J. Bernhardt et al.

Summary: This study investigated the continuous hydrothermal base catalyzed depolymerization of kraft lignin to phenolic oligomers, establishing a model equation and proposing a three-lump kinetic model to determine rate constants of the reaction. It was found that activation energies for depolymerization varied based on sodium hydroxide concentration, highlighting the importance of temperature and NaOH concentration in the process.

INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS (2021)

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Article Energy & Fuels

Hydrothermal Depolymerization of Kraft Lignins with Green C1-C3 Alcohol-Water Mixtures

Ming Guo et al.

Summary: Lignin, a potential renewable raw material, can be synthesized into aromatic molecules and materials, with Kraft-type lignins being abundantly available as a byproduct of wood and paper industries. A study investigating the depolymerization of two different technical lignins using a mixture of short-chain alcohols and water as solvents showed promising results, with high yield and no char-forming side reactions observed. The depolymerization process resulted in monomers and lignin residues with lower molecular weight, indicating a synergistic effect between isopropanol and water without any observed repolymerization reactions.

ENERGY & FUELS (2021)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Reductive Catalytic Depolymerization of Semi-industrial Wood-Based Lignin

Xiaojia Lu et al.

Summary: This study investigated the reductive catalytic depolymerization of lignin in a novel semi-industrial process, aiming to obtain aromatic mono-, di-, tri-, and tetramers for further valorization. The results revealed that elevated temperature, a redox catalyst, and a hydrogen atmosphere are essential for the depolymerization and product stability, with the highest yields of mono- to tetramers reaching 98% and mono- to dimers over 85% in the liquid phase products. The study contributes to the development and optimization of a sustainable process utilizing all fractions of wood efficiently, aligning with green engineering and chemistry principles.

INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Agricultural Engineering

Oxidative depolymerization of lignin using nitric acid under ambient conditions

Zaid Ahmad et al.

Summary: This study demonstrated an innovative and cost-effective strategy to produce high-value depolymerized kraft lignin from softwood kraft lignin and hardwood kraft lignin. The depolymerization process resulted in products with lower molecular weight, higher carboxylic acid group content, and increased water solubility compared to the original lignins.

INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS (2021)

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Article Agricultural Engineering

Green and facile synthesis of aminated lignin-silver complex and its antibacterial activity

Jiansong Chen et al.

Summary: In this study, aminated lignin-silver complex was prepared as an effective antibacterial agent using kraft lignin. The complex showed antibacterial activity against various bacteria, making it a potential green alternative to silver nanoparticles.

INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS (2021)

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Article Agricultural Engineering

Novel dual modified alkali lignin based adsorbent for the removal of Pb2+ in water

Zhaohui Zhang et al.

Summary: A dual - modified lignin (DML) adsorbent with high adsorption capacity for Pb2+ was prepared in this study for scavenging heavy metals from wastewater. The results showed that the Pb2+ adsorption mechanism of DML mainly consists of complexation and electrostatic attraction. This adsorbent is valuable for protecting water quality, the environment, and provides a new avenue for lignin utilization.

INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS (2021)

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Article Polymer Science

Effect of Kraft lignin and palm kernel oil as substitutes of petroleum-based polyols on the properties of viscoelastic polyurethane foams

Camila C. Flores et al.

Summary: The study indicates that KL and PKO can be used as additives to replace petroleum-based polyols in the production of VE-PU foams, significantly affecting the growth profile, foaming reactivity, and morphology of the foams. Furthermore, adjustments to the standard formulation can alter the mechanical properties of VE-PU foams. This alternative approach offers new possibilities for the application of VE-PU foams in packaging and mattress industries.

JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Recent advancements in the ionic liquid mediated lignin valorization for the production of renewable materials and value-added chemicals

Rokesh Radhakrishnan et al.

Summary: Lignin is a plentiful aromatic polymer with low valorization rates due to its complex structure, but Ionic liquids (ILs) have shown promise in enhancing its solubility and aiding in valorization. Improved valorization rates can be achieved by adding chemical or biological catalysts, such as lignin-degrading enzymes (LDEs), in the system. Further research is needed to develop innovative process design, engineering tolerant LDEs, and designing biocompatible ILs to facilitate the commercial viability of ILs-mediated lignin valorization.

RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS (2021)

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Review Polymer Science

Green chemistry design in polymers derived from lignin: review and perspective

James Sternberg et al.

Summary: This review critically evaluates the sustainability of lignin-derived polymers over the past 20 years, highlighting the importance of green methods such as the use of biobased accompanying reagents, green solvents, and solvent-less protocols. By assessing the sustainability of these protocols, it points the way toward safer and more environmentally friendly materials.

PROGRESS IN POLYMER SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Polymer Science

Sustainable Esterification of a Soda Lignin with Phloretic Acid

Antoine Adjaoud et al.

Summary: A sustainable chemical process was developed through the Fischer esterification of Protobind(R) lignin and phloretic acid. The main factor influencing the reaction yield was found to be the initial molar ratio between the two precursors. The esterified lignin showed high solubility in common organic solvents and improved thermal stability, indicating potential for composite and thermoset applications.

POLYMERS (2021)

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Article Polymer Science

Mechanically Reinforced, Flexible, Hydrophobic and UV Impermeable Starch-Cellulose Nanofibers (CNF)-Lignin Composites with Good Barrier and Thermal Properties

Yadong Zhao et al.

Summary: Bio-based composite films with cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and lignin as additives were developed in this study to enhance the properties and functions of starch-based films. The combination of CNF and lignin improved the mechanical strength, thermal stability, hydrophobicity, UV blocking ability, and gas barrier properties of the films, showing great potential as green alternatives to synthetic plastics in food packaging applications.

POLYMERS (2021)

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Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Depolymerization and conversion of lignin to value-added bioproducts by microbial and enzymatic catalysis

Caihong Weng et al.

Summary: Lignin, the most abundant renewable aromatic compound in nature, is hindered by its intrinsic heterogeneity and recalcitrance; bioprocessing with microbial and enzymatic catalysis offers an efficient method for lignin depolymerization and conversion into value-added bioproducts.

BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Reductive or oxidative catalytic lignin depolymerization: An overview of recent advances

Dolores Bourbiaux et al.

Summary: Catalytic depolymerization of lignin can produce aromatic chemicals and BTX fuels, with high-added value chemicals like vanillin obtained under oxidative atmosphere, and alkylphenolics and BTX mainly observed under reductive atmosphere. The outcome of depolymerization strongly depends on the reaction conditions.

CATALYSIS TODAY (2021)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Improved conversion efficiency of Lignin-to-Fuel conversion by limiting catalyst deactivation

Tianyu Ren et al.

Summary: The study found that ester structures in real lignin contribute to catalyst deactivation, and proposed a three-step method to improve conversion efficiency significantly.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Sustainable Production of Benzylamines from Lignin

Bo Zhang et al.

Summary: The study presents a new strategy for the direct transformation of lignin model compounds into benzylamines and phenols, with experimental data indicating the significance of dehydrogenation reaction and the role of secondary amines in the transformation. This work provides a novel opportunity for sustainable synthesis of benzylamines from renewable biomass, expanding the products pool of biomass conversion for future biorefinery demands.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Toward the Proactive Design of Sustainable Chemicals: Ionic Liquids as a Prime Example

Stephan Beil et al.

Summary: The tailorable properties of ionic liquids drive their implementation into various technologies, with a focus on environmental sustainability. To design more sustainable ILs, selection of beneficial precursors, considering technical properties, and evaluating environmental impacts are crucial. Understanding structure-activity relationships and mechanisms at a molecular level is important for rationalizing design criteria.

CHEMICAL REVIEWS (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Laccase as a Tool in Building Advanced Lignin-Based Materials

Melissa B. Agustin et al.

Summary: Lignin is a promising renewable feedstock with potential as a substitute for fossil-based resources. The use of laccase in catalyzing lignin polymerization and depolymerization presents advantages in mild conditions and non-toxic chemicals, but also poses challenges due to its dual nature. Factors affecting laccase-catalyzed lignin polymerization have been summarized, and the conditions for producing novel lignin hybrids have been critically assessed. Industrial applications, challenges, and opportunities for laccase-assisted lignin valorization have been surveyed to understand the full potential of laccase in lignin-based materials for advanced applications.

CHEMSUSCHEM (2021)

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Review Environmental Sciences

Insights into the relationships between physicochemical properties, solvent performance, and applications of deep eutectic solvents

Man Zhang et al.

Summary: Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are considered a new generation of green solvents due to their distinctive and tailorable physicochemical properties. They have been widely applied in various fields, and research focuses on the influence of molecular structure on DES properties and the latest research results in different areas. Developing DES with specific physicochemical properties from a molecular structure aspect is key to their accurate functional applications.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Improved Performance of Environmentally Friendly Blends of Biobased Polyethylene and Kraft Lignin Compatibilized by Reactive Extrusion with Dicumyl Peroxide

Sandra Rojas-Lema et al.

Summary: In this study, the incorporation of dicumyl peroxide improved the overall performance of bio-based high-density polyethylene/kraft lignin blends by enhancing the interaction and dispersion between bioPE and KL. The wettability of the blends was influenced by KL and DCP, showing potential as sustainable polymers with balanced properties.

MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING (2021)

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Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Effects of solid base catalysts on depolymerization of alkali lignin for the production of phenolic monomer compounds

Bijoy Biswas et al.

Summary: Different solid base catalysts were used for the depolymerization of alkali lignin, with CaO/ZrO2 and CaO/CeO2 catalysts yielding the highest bio-oil production when using ethanol and methanol solvents. Noncatalytic reactions and support catalysts resulted in lower bio-oil yields. Bio-oil analysis revealed vanillin as the main product, with solid base catalysts enhancing cleavage reactions and increasing bio-oil yield.

RENEWABLE ENERGY (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Fast screening of Depolymerized Lignin Samples Through 2D-Liquid Chromatography Mapping

Tibo De Saegher et al.

Summary: The valorization of lignin, particularly its depolymerization into bio-aromatics, is a key research topic in green chemistry. However, the lack of analytical techniques for fast and detailed mapping of product pools constrains catalyst screening and reaction conditions in this field. A new quasi-orthogonal method has been developed to bridge this analytical gap, allowing for separation of bio-aromatics based on molecular weight and polarity, providing a powerful tool for assessing differences in reaction selectivity.

CHEMISTRYOPEN (2021)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Preparation of Lignin-Based Magnetic Adsorbent From Kraft Lignin for Adsorbing the Congo Red

Lingyan Fang et al.

Summary: The magnetic lignin nanoparticles (MLN) were successfully prepared by Mannich reaction using bamboo residue and Fe3O4. Among the different ratios tested, Fe3O4@lignin (1:0.5) showed the best adsorption effect on Congo red solution, with a removal rate of 95.5% at a concentration of 0.6 g/L in just 30 minutes.

FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Improved understanding of technical lignin functionalization through comprehensive structural characterization of fractionated pine kraft lignins modified by the Mannich reaction

Matthew Kollman et al.

Summary: The amino alkylation of kraft lignins using the Mannich reaction is a versatile technique that can be used for analytical derivatization, improving hydrophilicity, or enhancing metal ion adsorptive capacity. This study utilized a quantitative technique combining 2D HSQC NMR and C-13 NMR spectroscopy to directly examine the structure of aminated lignins. The results indicated that low molecular weight lignins had a higher degree of amine substitution compared to high molecular weight fractions, with no significant impact observed from pH levels or different amine species.

GREEN CHEMISTRY (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Production of alkoxyl-functionalized cyclohexylamines from lignin-derived guaiacols

Bingxiao Zheng et al.

Summary: The reductive coupling of lignin-based platform chemicals with amines and H-2 was developed to synthesize methoxy-functionalized cyclohexylamines, providing a new pathway for the efficient utilization of lignin. The use of Pd/C as a catalyst showed high efficiency and yielded high amounts of the target products, demonstrating its potential for scaling up the reaction for industrial applications.

GREEN CHEMISTRY (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

One-pot route to convert technical lignin into versatile lignin esters for tailored bioplastics and sustainable materials

Li-Yang Liu et al.

Summary: This study presents an efficient and scalable method to convert kraft lignin into esterified lignin derivatives through a one-pot approach, improving upon past work. The method allows for efficient esterification of lignin, resulting in fractionated lignin with different properties, offering potential for further research on the structure and properties of lignin-based materials.

GREEN CHEMISTRY (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Eco-friendly and sustainable processing of wood-based materials

Emmanuel Isaac Akpan et al.

Summary: The hierarchical structures of woods can be modified to provide structural, functional, and multi-functional materials, but current methods often generate harmful waste products. Sustainable alternatives that are environmentally friendly, energy efficient, and cost effective are proposed for future material processing.

GREEN CHEMISTRY (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

A well-defined lignin-based filler for tuning the mechanical properties of polymethyl methacrylate

Qingwen Cao et al.

Summary: Through structural analysis, it is found that the strength and toughness of lignin-filled polymer blends (PMMA/L-g-PMMA) can be effectively adjusted by regulating the molecular weights, types and contents of S/G units, and flexible/rigid linkages in lignin macromolecules. This study not only provides a simple and effective strategy to overcome the heterogeneity of lignin, but also paves the way for high-value utilization of lignin on a broader scale.

GREEN CHEMISTRY (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of 4-cyclohexylmorpholines from reductive coupling of aryl ethers and lignin model compounds with morpholines

Bingxiao Zheng et al.

Summary: This work describes the efficient Pd-catalyzed direct coupling of aryl ethers and morpholines to produce 4-cyclohexylmorpholines, revealing a mechanism involving the cleavage of C(Ar)-O bonds and subsequent reductive amination. The method offers a new approach for synthesizing useful fine chemicals with good yields.

GREEN CHEMISTRY (2021)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Effect of Process Variables on the Solvolysis Depolymerization of Pine Kraft Lignin

Werner Marcelo Goldmann et al.

WASTE AND BIOMASS VALORIZATION (2020)

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Article Energy & Fuels

Comparative study of solvolysis of technical lignins in flow reactor

Woldemichael Sebhat et al.

BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Thermally stable, enhanced water barrier, high strength starch bio-composite reinforced with lignin containing cellulose nanofibrils

Chuan-wei Zhang et al.

CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Enzymatic depolymerization of industrial lignins by laccase-mediator systems in 1,4-dioxane/water

Justine Dillies et al.

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY (2020)

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Review Chemistry, Physical

Enzymatic Oxidation of Lignin: Challenges and Barriers Toward Practical Applications

Jou C. Chan et al.

CHEMCATCHEM (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Lignin-First Fractionation of Softwood Lignocellulose Using a Mild Dimethyl Carbonate and Ethylene Glycol Organosolv Process

Alessandra De Santi et al.

CHEMSUSCHEM (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Influence of reaction conditions on solvolysis of organosolv lignin using water and green organic co-solvents as reaction medium

Syed Farhan Hashmi et al.

FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Hydroxypropyl-modified and organosolv lignin/bio-based polyamide blend filaments as carbon fibre precursors'

R. Muthuraj et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Synthesis, Characterization, and Utilization of a Lignin-Based Adsorbent for Effective Removal of Azo Dye from Aqueous Solution

Xianzhi Meng et al.

ACS OMEGA (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Mechanistic Study of Diaryl Ether Bond Cleavage during Palladium-Catalyzed Lignin Hydrogenolysis

Yanding Li et al.

CHEMSUSCHEM (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Structural and Morphological Transformations of Lignin Macromolecules during Bio-Based Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) Pretreatment

Xiao-Jun Shen et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Grafting Lignin with Bioderived Polyacrylates for Low-Cost, Ductile, and Fully Biobased Poly(lactic acid) Composites

Yiqi Sun et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Enhanced Acid-Catalyzed Lignin Depolymerization in a Continuous Reactor with Stable Activity

Kakasaheb Y. Nandiwale et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2020)

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Article Agricultural Engineering

Lignin extraction and upgrading using deep eutectic solvents

Zhu Chen et al.

INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Analytical

Electrochemical oxidation of lignin at electrochemically reduced TiO2 nanotubes

Xin Chang et al.

JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (2020)

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Review Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Global lignin supply overview and kraft lignin potential as an alternative for petroleum-based polymers

Luana Dessbesell et al.

RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Carbon Fibers from Lignin-Cellulose Precursors: Effect of Carbonization Conditions

Andreas Bengtsson et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Using Lignin Monomer As a Novel Capping Agent for Efficient Acid-Catalyzed Depolymerization of High Molecular Weight Lignin to Improve Its Antioxidant Activity

Shuang Qi et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2020)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Stabilization strategies in biomass depolymerization using chemical functionalization

Ydna M. Questell-Santiago et al.

NATURE REVIEWS CHEMISTRY (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Fungal Treatment Modifies Kraft Lignin for Lignin- and Cellulose-Based Carbon Fiber Precursors

Joona Mikkila et al.

ACS OMEGA (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Analytical

AGREE-Analytical GREEnness Metric Approach and Software

Francisco Pena-Pereira et al.

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (2020)

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Article Forestry

Effect of different catalysts on the oxyalkylation of eucalyptus Lignoboost® kraft lignin

Fernanda R. Vieira et al.

HOLZFORSCHUNG (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Insight into Depolymerization Mechanism of Bacterial Laccase for Lignin

Daochen Zhu et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2020)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Production of Methyl p-Hydroxycinnamate by Selective Tailoring of Herbaceous Lignin Using Metal-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) as Catalyst

Zhang-min Li et al.

INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH (2020)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Towards lignin derived thermoplastic polymers

Mahesh Parit et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES (2020)

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Article Polymer Science

Glyoxalation of Kraft lignin and optimization of electrospinning process parameters for producing polyacrylonitrile/KL nanomats for potential applications as carbon material

Lara Robert Nahra et al.

JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Paving the Way for the Lignin Hydrogenolysis Mechanism by Deuterium-Incorporated β-O-4 Mimics

Helong Li et al.

ACS CATALYSIS (2020)

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Review Chemistry, Analytical

Deep eutectic solvents vs ionic liquids: Similarities and differences

Justyna Plotka-Wasylka et al.

MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Kraft Lignin Solubility and Its Chemical Modification in Deep Eutectic Solvents

Filipe H. B. Sosa et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Biobased Resins Using Lignin and Glyoxal

Ine Van Nieuwenhove et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Mild thermolytic solvolysis of technical lignins in polar organic solvents to a crude lignin oil

Panos D. Kouris et al.

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Materials for the biorefinery: high bio-content, shape memory Kraft lignin-derived non-isocyanate polyurethane foams using a non-toxic protocol

James Sternberg et al.

GREEN CHEMISTRY (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Improving fast pyrolysis of lignin using three additives with different modes of action

Stef Ghysels et al.

GREEN CHEMISTRY (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Non-catalytic oxidative depolymerization of lignin in perfluorodecalin to produce phenolic monomers

Parinaz Hafezisefat et al.

GREEN CHEMISTRY (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Role of life-cycle externalities in the valuation of protic ionic liquids - a case study in biomass pretreatment solvents

Husain Baaqel et al.

GREEN CHEMISTRY (2020)

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Article Energy & Fuels

Study of a renewable capping agent addition in lignin base catalyzed depolymerization process

Fabio Hernandez-Ramos et al.

FUEL (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Ni-Catalyzed reductive amination of phenols with ammonia or amines into cyclohexylamines

Thomas Cuypers et al.

GREEN CHEMISTRY (2020)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Lignin-derived bio-based flame retardants toward high-performance sustainable polymeric materials

Haitang Yang et al.

GREEN CHEMISTRY (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Mechanistic insights into the lignin dissolution behaviors of a recyclable acid hydrotrope, deep eutectic solvent (DES), and ionic liquid (IL)

Hairui Jia et al.

GREEN CHEMISTRY (2020)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Recent advances in the selective catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of lignin-derived oxygenates to arenes

Jianghao Zhang et al.

GREEN CHEMISTRY (2020)

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Article Materials Science, Paper & Wood

Efficient and Green Approach for the Esterification of Lignin with Oleic Acid Using Surfactant-combined Microreactors in Water

Liangliang An et al.

BIORESOURCES (2020)

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Article Biochemical Research Methods

Analytical chemistry with biosolvents

Marek Tobiszewski

ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (2019)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Development and characterization novel bio-adhesive for wood using kenaf core (Hibiscus cannabinus) lignin and glyoxal

M. Hazwan Hussin et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES (2019)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

From the Synthesis of Biobased Cyclic Carbonate to Polyhydroxyurethanes: A Promising Route towards Renewable Non-Isocyanate Polyurethanes

Camille Carre et al.

CHEMSUSCHEM (2019)

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Review Biochemical Research Methods

Reductive catalytic fractionation: state of the art of the lignin-first biorefinery

Tom Renders et al.

CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Influence of Ammonium Polyphosphate/Lignin Ratio on Thermal and Fire Behavior of Biobased Thermoplastic: The Case of Polyamide 11

Aurelie Cayla et al.

MATERIALS (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Carbon Fibers from Lignin-Cellulose Precursors: Effect of Stabilization Conditions

Andreas Bengtsson et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2019)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Formulation of Multifunctional Materials Based on the Reaction of Glyoxalated Lignins and a Nanoclay/Nanosilicate

Pedro L. de Hoyos-Martinez et al.

BIOMACROMOLECULES (2019)

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Article Environmental Sciences

How green are ionic liquids? - A multicriteria decision analysis approach

Marta Bystrzanowska et al.

ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Oxidative Depolymerization of Kraft Lignin for Microbial Conversion

Omar Y. Abdelaziz et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2019)

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Article Energy & Fuels

Depolymerization of Lignin over a Ni-Pd Bimetallic Catalyst Using Isopropanol as an in Situ Hydrogen Source

Bingxing Jiang et al.

ENERGY & FUELS (2019)

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Article Thermodynamics

Rapid microwave-assisted biomass delignification and lignin depolymerization in deep eutectic solvents

Pranjali D. Muley et al.

ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT (2019)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Boosted selectivity and enhanced capacity of As(V) removal from polluted water by triethylenetetramine activated lignin-based updates adsorbents

Chunde Huang et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES (2019)

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Review Chemistry, Physical

Promising Techniques for Depolymerization of Lignin into Value-added Chemicals

Tianyu Ren et al.

CHEMCATCHEM (2019)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Catalytic depolymerization of organosolv lignin from bagasse by carbonaceous solid acids derived from hydrothermal of lignocellulosic compounds

Panuruj Asawaworarit et al.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2019)

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Article Engineering, Multidisciplinary

Adhesion properties of poly(ethylene oxide)-lignin blend for nanocellulose composites

Tippabattini Jayaramudu et al.

COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING (2019)

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Article Polymer Science

Poly(lactic acid)/lignin blends prepared with the Pickering emulsion template method

Xiang Li et al.

EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL (2019)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

A green physical approach to compatibilize a bio-based poly (lactic acid)/lignin blend for better mechanical, thermal and degradation properties

Ashish Kumar et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Dual Function Lewis Acid Catalyzed Depolymerization of Industrial Corn Stover Lignin into Stable Monomeric Phenols

Kakasaheb Y. Nandiwale et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Plant Oil and Lignin-Derived Elastomers via Thermal Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition Click Chemistry

Liang Yuan et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

A simple route to synthesize esterified lignin derivatives

Li-Yang Liu et al.

GREEN CHEMISTRY (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Carbon fibres from renewable resources: the role of the lignin molecular structure in its blendability with biobased poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Anne Beaucamp et al.

GREEN CHEMISTRY (2019)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Photo- and Electrochemical Valorization of Carbon Dioxide Using Earth-Abundant Molecular Catalysts

Alonso Rosas-Hernandez et al.

TOPICS IN CURRENT CHEMISTRY (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Understanding interactions between lignin and ionic liquids with experimental and theoretical studies during catalytic depolymerisation

Sandip Kumar Singh et al.

CATALYSIS TODAY (2018)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Chemicals from lignin: an interplay of lignocellulose fractionation, depolymerisation, and upgrading

W. Schutyser et al.

CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS (2018)

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Article Energy & Fuels

Understanding the relationship between the structure and depolymerization behavior of lignin

Jaeyong Park et al.

FUEL (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Biobased chemicals from the catalytic depolymerization of Kraft lignin using supported noble metal-based catalysts

I Hita et al.

FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Mechanistic studies of base-catalysed lignin depolymerisation in dimethyl carbonate

Saumya Dabral et al.

GREEN CHEMISTRY (2018)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Production of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) fronds lignin-derived non-toxic aldehyde for eco-friendly wood adhesive

M. Hazwan Hussin et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Deep eutectic solvent as an efficient molecular liquid for lignin solubilization and wood delignification

Hassan Malaeke et al.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Analytical

A new tool for the evaluation of the analytical procedure: Green Analytical Procedure Index

J. Plotka-Wasylka

TALANTA (2018)

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Article Forestry

Desulfurization of kraft lignin

Andrey N. Evdokimov et al.

WOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Catalytic Conversion of Organosolv Lignins to Phenolic Monomers in Different Organic Solvents and Effect of Operating Conditions on Yield with Methyl Isobutyl Ketone

Wanwitoo Wanmolee et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Synthesis and Thermorheological Analysis of Biobased Lignin-graft-poly(lactide) Copolymers and Their Blends

Love-Ese Chile et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Regenerated Cellulose and Willow Lignin Blends as Potential Renewable Precursors for Carbon Fibers

Sheril Vincent et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Lignin-to-Liquid-Solvolysis (LtL) of Organosolv Extracted Lignin

Camilla Lohre et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Selective Cleavage of Lignin β-O-4 Aryl Ether Bond by β-Etherase of the White-Rot Fungus Dichomitus squalens

Mila Marinovic et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Importance of Mediators for Lignin Degradation by Fungal Laccase

Lionel F. Longe et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

One-Step Fabrication of Dual Responsive Lignin Coated Fe3O4 Nanoparticles for Efficient Removal of Cationic and Anionic Dyes

Xingang Li et al.

NANOMATERIALS (2018)

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Review Chemistry, Applied

Advancement in technologies for the depolymerization of lignin

Ashutosh Agarwal et al.

FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Uniform Chemical Functionality of Technical Lignin Using Ethylene Carbonate for Hydroxyethylation and Subsequent Greener Esterification

Li-Yang Liu et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Correlations among Miscibility, Structure, and Properties in Thermoplastic Polymer/Lignin Blends

Vivien Romhanyi et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2018)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

A Novel and Formaldehyde-Free Preparation Method for Lignin Amine and Its Enhancement for Soy Protein Adhesive

Junna Xin et al.

JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT (2017)

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Article Polymer Science

Polymer/lignin blends: Interactions, properties, applications

David Kun et al.

EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL (2017)

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Article Energy & Fuels

Reductive de-polymerization of kraft lignin with formic acid at low temperatures using inexpensive supported Ni-based catalysts

Shanhua Huang et al.

FUEL (2017)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Emulsion electro-oxidation of kraft lignin

Davide Di Marino et al.

GREEN CHEMISTRY (2017)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Solid base catalyzed depolymerization of lignin into low molecular weight products

Richa Chaudhary et al.

GREEN CHEMISTRY (2017)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Lignin transformations for high value applications: towards targeted modifications using green chemistry

S. Gillet et al.

GREEN CHEMISTRY (2017)

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Article Agricultural Engineering

Oxyalkylation of lignin with propylene carbonate: Influence of reaction parameters on the ensuing bio-based polyols

Isabell Kuehnel et al.

INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS (2017)

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Article Agricultural Engineering

Esterification of industrial lignin and its effect on the resulting poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) or polypropylene blends

Shupin Luo et al.

INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS (2017)

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Article Agriculture, Multidisciplinary

Graphene Oxide Filled Lignin/Starch Polymer Bionanocomposite: Structural, Physical, and Mechanical Studies

Meryem Aqlil et al.

JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY (2017)

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Review Polymer Science

Lignin-Based Polymers via Graft Copolymerization

Hailing Liu et al.

JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY (2017)

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Article Materials Science, Paper & Wood

Preparation of a Polyhydric Aminated Lignin and Its Use in the Preparation of Polyurethane Film

Wanpeng Zhou et al.

JOURNAL OF WOOD CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY (2017)

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Review Forestry

Lignin pyrolysis reactions

Haruo Kawamoto

JOURNAL OF WOOD SCIENCE (2017)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Comparison of different cyclic organic carbonates in the oxyalkylation of various types of lignin

Isabell Kuehnel et al.

REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS (2017)

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Article Polymer Science

Catalyzed Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Lignin-Based Curing Agent for the Curing of High-Performance Epoxy Resin

Saeid Nikafshar et al.

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Renewable High-Performance Polyurethane Bioplastics Derived from Lignin-Poly(ε-caprolactone)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Advanced Chemical Design for Efficient Lignin Bioconversion

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ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2017)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Cyclic Carbonates as Safe and Versatile Etherifying Reagents for the Functionalization of Lignins and Tannins

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ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2017)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Understanding lignin depolymerization to phenols via microwave-assisted solvolysis process

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JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING (2017)

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Low-Power Microwave Radiation-assisted Depolymerization of Ethanol Organosolv Lignin in Ethanol/Formic Acid Mixtures

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BIORESOURCES (2017)

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Review Materials Science, Paper & Wood

Potential use of deep eutectic solvents to facilitate lignocellulosic biomass utilization and conversion

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CELLULOSE (2017)

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Multi-step biocatalytic depolymerization of lignin

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APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (2017)

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CHEMSUSCHEM (2017)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

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Depolymerization of Different Organosolv Lignins in Supercritical Methanol, Ethanol, and Acetone To Produce Phenolic Monomers

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Carbonized Lignin as Sustainable Filler in Biobased Poly(trimethylene terephthalate) Polymer for Injection Molding Applications

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Electrochemical conversion of lignin to useful chemicals

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High-quality bio-oil from one-pot catalytic hydrocracking of kraft lignin over supported noble metal catalysts in isopropanol system

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BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY (2016)

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Review Biochemical Research Methods

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CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY (2016)

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Effect of pH on Kraft Lignin Depolymerisation in Subcritical Water

Tallal Belkheiri et al.

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Lignin and soy oil-derived polymeric biocomposites by grafting from RAFT polymerization

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CHEM21 selection guide of classical- and less classical-solvents

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Lignin oxidation and depolymerisation in ionic liquids

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GREEN CHEMISTRY (2016)

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Engineering physical and chemical properties of softwood kraft lignin by fatty acid substitution

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Influence of lignin source and esterification on properties of lignin-polyethylene blends

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INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS (2016)

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Advanced Model Compounds for Understanding Acid-Catalyzed Lignin Depolymerization: Identification of Renewable Aromatics and a Lignin-Derived Solvent

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2016)

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Renewable polymers from lignin via copper-free thermal click chemistry

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POLYMER (2016)

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N-Alkylation of amines with phenols over highly active heterogeneous palladium hydride catalysts

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RSC ADVANCES (2016)

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Allylation of a lignin model phenol: a highly selective reaction under benign conditions towards a new thermoset resin platform

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RSC ADVANCES (2016)

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Article Polymer Science

Synthesis and Properties of Waterborne Polyurethane (WBPU)/Modified Lignin Amine (MLA) Adhesive: A Promising Adhesive Material

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Toward Carbon Fibers from Single Component Kraft Lignin Systems: Optimization of Chain Extension Chemistry

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Catalytic Fractionation of Raw Biomass to Biochemicals and Organosolv Lignin in a Methyl Isobutyl Ketone/H2O Biphasic System

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Effect of Fatty Acid Esterification on the Thermal Properties of Softwood Kraft Lignin

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ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2016)

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Base-Catalyzed Depolymerization of Biorefinery Lignins

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ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2016)

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Biobased Ionic Liquids: Solvents for a Green Processing Industry?

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ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2016)

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Oxidative Depolymerization of Lignin Using a Novel Polyoxometalate-Protic Ionic Liquid System

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ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2016)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Low-cost Ionic Liquids

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JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS (2016)

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Proceedings Paper Energy & Fuels

Depolymerization of Organosolv Lignin to Valuable Chemicals over Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Acid Catalysts

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Zinc-based deep eutectic solvent-mediated hydroxylation and demethoxylation of lignin for the production of wood adhesive

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The importance of incorporating a waste detoxification step in analytical methodologies

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ANALYTICAL METHODS (2015)

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Modification of Kraft Lignin to Expose Diazobenzene Groups: Toward pH- and Light-Responsive Biobased Polymers

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BIOMACROMOLECULES (2015)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Graphenes as Metal-free Catalysts for the Oxidative Depolymerization of Lignin Models

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CHEMCATCHEM (2015)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Catalytic Transformation of Lignin for the Production of Chemicals and Fuels

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CHEMICAL REVIEWS (2015)

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High-Strength Composite Fibers from Cellulose-Lignin Blends Regenerated from Ionic Liquid Solution

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Article Energy & Fuels

Ethanol-Enhanced Liquefaction of Lignin with Formic Acid as an in Situ Hydrogen Donor

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ENERGY & FUELS (2015)

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Methylation of softwood kraft lignin with dimethyl carbonate

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GREEN CHEMISTRY (2015)

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Design of low-cost ionic liquids for lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment

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Base-catalysed cleavage of lignin β-O-4 model compounds in dimethyl carbonate

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Towards a holistic approach to metrics for the 21st century pharmaceutical industry

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Synthesis of lignin polyols via oxyalkylation with propylene carbonate

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HOLZFORSCHUNG (2015)

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Article Agricultural Engineering

Highly biobased thermally-stimulated shape memory copolymeric elastomers derived from lignin and glycerol-adipic acid based hyperbranched prepolymer

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INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS (2015)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2015)

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Catalytic depolymerization of lignin macromolecule to alkylated phenols over various metal catalysts in supercritical tert-butanol

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Multicriteria decision analysis in ranking of analytical procedures for aldrin determination in water

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A Mannich base biosorbent derived from alkaline lignin for lead removal from aqueous solution

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JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY (2015)

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Aromatic Monomers by in Situ Conversion of Reactive Intermediates in the Acid-Catalyzed Depolymerization of Lignin

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2015)

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Palladium-catalyzed reductive coupling of phenols with anilines and amines: efficient conversion of phenolic lignin model monomers and analogues to cyclohexylamines

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CHEMICAL SCIENCE (2015)

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Study of thermal durability properties of tannin-lignosulfonate adhesives

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JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY (2015)

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Lignin Depolymerization into Aromatic Monomers over Solid Acid Catalysts

Ayillath K. Deepa et al.

ACS CATALYSIS (2015)

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Base catalyzed depolymerization of lignin: Influence of organosolv lignin nature

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BIOMASS & BIOENERGY (2014)

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Reductive de-polymerization of kraft lignin for chemicals and fuels using formic acid as an in-situ hydrogen source

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BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY (2014)

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Exploring Allylation and Claisen Rearrangement as a Novel Chemical Modification of Lignin

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BioResources (2014)

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Development of novel chitosan-lignin composites for adsorption of dyes and metal ions from wastewater

Vaishakh Nair et al.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2014)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Electrochemical oxidation of lignin by two typical electrodes: Ti/Sb-SnO2 and Ti/PbO2

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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2014)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) and Their Applications

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CHEMICAL REVIEWS (2014)

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A brief overview of the potential environmental hazards of ionic liquids

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ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY (2014)

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Article Energy & Fuels

Hydrogen-Donor-Assisted Solvent Liquefaction of Lignin to Short-Chain Alkylphenols Using a Micro Reactor/Gas Chromatography System

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ENERGY & FUELS (2014)

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Article Energy & Fuels

Improving base catalyzed lignin depolymerization by avoiding lignin repolymerization

Ana Toledano et al.

FUEL (2014)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Catalytic depolymerization of alkali lignin in subcritical water: influence of formic acid and Pd/C catalyst on the yields of liquid monomeric aromatic products

Jude A. Onwudili et al.

GREEN CHEMISTRY (2014)

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Article Agricultural Engineering

Modification of industrial softwood kraft lignin using Mannich reaction with and without phenolation pretreatment

Xueyu Du et al.

INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS (2014)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of lignin β-O-4 linkages in ionic liquid solvents: a computational mechanistic study

Benjamin G. Janesko

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS (2014)

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Review Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

A review on delignification of lignocellulosic biomass for enhancement of ethanol production potential

Renu Singh et al.

RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS (2014)

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Review Polymer Science

Chemical modification of lignins: Towards biobased polymers

Stephanie Laurichesse et al.

PROGRESS IN POLYMER SCIENCE (2014)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

A Series of NiM (M = Ru, Rh, and Pd) Bimetallic Catalysts for Effective Lignin Hydrogenolysis in Water

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ACS CATALYSIS (2014)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

A Mechanistic Investigation of Acid-Catalyzed Cleavage of Aryl-Ether Linkages: Implications for Lignin Depolymerization in Acidic Environments

Matthew R. Sturgeon et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2014)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents - Solvents for the 21st Century

Alexandre Paiva et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2014)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Kraft Lignin Chain Extension Chemistry via Propargylation, Oxidative Coupling, and Claisen Rearrangement

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BIOMACROMOLECULES (2013)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Are deep eutectic solvents benign or toxic?

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CHEMOSPHERE (2013)

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In vitro cytotoxicity assessment of imidazolium ionic liquids: Biological effects in fish Channel Catfish Ovary (CCO) cell line

Kristina Radosevic et al.

ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY (2013)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Enzymatic cleavage of lignin β-O-4 aryl ether bonds via net internal hydrogen transfer

Jochen Reiter et al.

GREEN CHEMISTRY (2013)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Reactions of p-coumaryl alcohol model compounds with dimethyl carbonate. Towards the upgrading of lignin building blocks

Jessica N. G. Stanley et al.

GREEN CHEMISTRY (2013)

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Review Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Liquid fuels, hydrogen and chemicals from lignin: A critical review

Pooya Azadi et al.

RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS (2013)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Stability of Pt/γ-Al2O3 Catalysts in Lignin and Lignin Model Compound Solutions under Liquid Phase Reforming Reaction Conditions

Anna L. Jongerius et al.

ACS CATALYSIS (2013)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Catalytic Lignin Valorization Process for the Production of Aromatic Chemicals and Hydrogen

Joseph Zakzeski et al.

CHEMSUSCHEM (2012)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Molecular Products and Radicals from Pyrolysis of Lignin

J. Kibet et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2012)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Organosolv lignin depolymerization with different base catalysts

Ana Toledano et al.

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (2012)

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Article Materials Science, Composites

Processing and characterization of composites of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) and lignin from sugar cane bagasse

Francisco A. Camargo et al.

JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS (2012)

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Article Materials Science, Paper & Wood

Kraft Lignin-Based Rigid Polyurethane Foam

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JOURNAL OF WOOD CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY (2012)

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Article Chemistry, Analytical

Analytical Eco-Scale for assessing the greenness of analytical procedures

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TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (2012)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Biobased Chemicals from Conception toward Industrial Reality: Lessons Learned and To Be Learned

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ACS CATALYSIS (2012)

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Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Room Temperature Ionic Liquids as Emerging Solvents for the Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass

Mauricio Mora-Pale et al.

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING (2011)

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Review Chemistry, Physical

The Catalytic Amination of Alcohols

Sebastian Baehn et al.

CHEMCATCHEM (2011)

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Review Engineering, Chemical

Lignin Depolymerization and Conversion: A Review of Thermochemical Methods

Madhav Prasad Pandey et al.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (2011)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Advances on biomass pretreatment using ionic liquids: An overview

Haregewine Tadesse et al.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (2011)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

The effect of ionic liquid cation and anion combinations on the macromolecular structure of lignins

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GREEN CHEMISTRY (2011)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Analytical Method Volume Intensity (AMVI): A green chemistry metric for HPLC methodology in the pharmaceutical industry

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GREEN CHEMISTRY (2011)

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HPLC-EAT (Environmental Assessment Tool): A tool for profiling safety, health and environmental impacts of liquid chromatography methods

Yasser Gaber et al.

GREEN CHEMISTRY (2011)

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Article Agricultural Engineering

Biobased composites from glyoxal-phenolic resins and sisal fibers

Elaine C. Ramires et al.

BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY (2010)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Oxidative Depolymerization of Lignin in Ionic Liquids

Kerstin Staerk et al.

CHEMSUSCHEM (2010)

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Article Chemistry, Analytical

Electrochemical oxidation of lignin at IrO2-based oxide electrodes

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JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (2010)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Hydrogen Transfer from Supercritical Methanol over a Solid Base Catalyst: A Model for Lignin Depolymerization

Gerald S. Macala et al.

CHEMSUSCHEM (2009)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Complete dissolution and partial delignification of wood in the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate

Ning Sun et al.

GREEN CHEMISTRY (2009)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Optimization Study of Lignin Oxypropylation in View of the Preparation of Polyurethane Rigid Foams

Carolina Andreia Cateto et al.

INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH (2009)

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Article Polymer Science

Environment-friendly soy flour-based resins without formaldehyde

G. A. Amaral-Labat et al.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE (2008)

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Article Polymer Science

Environmentally friendly mixed Tannin/Lignin wood resins

Hong Lei et al.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE (2008)

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Article Polymer Science

Lignin-based polycondensation resins for wood adhesives

N. -E. El Mansouri et al.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE (2007)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Oxypropylation of lignins and preparation of rigid polyurethane foams from the ensuing polyols

H Nadji et al.

MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING (2005)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Lignin esters for use in unsaturated thermosets: Lignin modification and solubility modeling

W Thielemans et al.

BIOMACROMOLECULES (2005)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Disassembly of lignin and chemical recovery - rapid depolymerization of lignin without char formation in water-phenol mixtures

K Okuda et al.

FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY (2004)

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Review Engineering, Chemical

Reactive applications of cyclic alkylene carbonates

JH Clements

INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH (2003)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Novel solvent properties of choline chloride/urea mixtures

AP Abbott et al.

CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS (2003)

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Review Plant Sciences

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W Boerjan et al.

ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY (2003)

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