Revealing the supercritical dynamics of dusty plasmas and their liquidlike to gaslike dynamical crossover

Dusty plasmas represent a powerful platform to study the collective dynamics of strongly coupled systems with important interdisciplinary connections to condensed matter physics. Due to the pure Yukawa repulsive interaction between dust particles, dusty plasmas do not display a traditional liquid-vapor phase transition, perfectly matching the definition of a supercritical fluid. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we verify the supercritical nature of dusty plasmas and reveal the existence of a dynamical liquidlike to gaslike crossover which perfectly matches the salient features of the Frenkel line in classical supercritical fluids. We present several diagnostics to locate this dynamical crossover spanning from local atomic connectivity, shear relaxation dynamics, velocity autocorrelation function, heat capacity, and various transport properties. All these different criteria well agree with each other and are able to successfully locate the Frenkel line in both 2D and 3D dusty plasmas. In addition, we propose the unity ratio of the instantaneous transverse sound speed CT to the average particle speed v over bar p, i.e., CT /v over bar p = 1, as a diagnostic to identify this dynamical crossover. Finally, we observe an emergent degree of universality in the collective dynamics and transport properties of dusty plasmas as a function of the screening parameter and dimensionality of the system. Intriguingly, the temperature of the dynamical transition is independent of the dimensionality and it is found to always be 20 times of the corresponding melting point. Our results open a path for the study of single particle and collective dynamics in plasmas and their interrelation with supercritical fluids in general.

Automated summary

Dusty plasmas provide a useful tool for studying the collective dynamics of strongly coupled systems and have connections with condensed matter physics. Molecular dynamics simulations show that dusty plasmas exhibit supercritical behavior and undergo a liquid-to-gas crossover similar to classical supercritical fluids. Various diagnostic methods confirm the existence of this crossover and locate the Frenkel line in both 2D and 3D dusty plasmas. The temperature of the dynamical transition is found to be independent of dimensionality and consistently 20 times the corresponding melting point.