Lipid-based colloidal nanoparticles for applications in targeted vaccine delivery

Bioactive molecules and their effects have been influenced by their solubility and administration route. In many therapeutic reagents, the performance of therapeutics is dependent on physiological barriers in the human body and delivery efficacy. Therefore, an effective and stable therapeutic delivery promotes pharmaceutical advancement and suitable biological usage of drugs. In the biological and pharmacological industries, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as a potential carrier to deliver therapeutics. Since studies reported doxorubicin-loaded liposomes (Doxil (R)), LNPs have been applied to numerous clinical trials. Lipid-based nanoparticles, including liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), and nanostructured lipid nanoparticles, have also been developed to deliver active ingredients in vaccines. In this review, we present the type of LNPs used to develop vaccines with attractive advantages. We then discuss messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery for the clinical application of mRNA therapeutic-loaded LNPs and recent research trend of LNP-based vaccine development.

Automated summary

The solubility and administration route of bioactive molecules have a significant impact on their effects. Effective and stable delivery of therapeutics is crucial for utilizing drugs in the biological and pharmacological industries. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have shown potential as carriers for therapeutics and have been widely studied in clinical trials, including doxorubicin-loaded liposomes (Doxil (R)). LNPs, such as liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), and nanostructured lipid nanoparticles, have also been developed for vaccine delivery. This review focuses on the use of LNPs in vaccine development and the clinical application of mRNA therapeutic-loaded LNPs.