Satellite Navigation Signal Authentication in GNSS: A Survey on Technology Evolution, Status, and Perspective for BDS

As the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is widely used in all walks of life, the signal structure of satellite navigation is open, and the vulnerability to spoofing attacks is also becoming increasingly prominent, which will seriously affect the credibility of navigation, positioning, and timing (PNT) services. Satellite navigation signal authentication technology is an emerging technical means of improving civil signal anti-spoofing on the satellite navigation system side, and it is also an important development direction and research focus of the GNSS. China plans to carry out the design and development of the next-generation Beidou navigation satellite system (BDS), and one of its core goals is to provide more secure and credible PNT services. This paper first expounds on the principles and technical architecture of satellite navigation signal authentication, then clarifies the development history of satellite navigation signal authentication, and finally proposes the BDS authentication service system architecture. It will provide technical support for the construction and development of the follow-up Beidou authentication service.

Automated summary

As the satellite navigation system, GNSS, is widely used, the vulnerability to spoofing attacks is increasing, posing a threat to the credibility of navigation, positioning, and timing (PNT) services. Satellite navigation signal authentication technology is an emerging means to improve signal anti-spoofing and an important research focus. China plans to develop the next-generation BDS with secure and credible PNT services. This paper discusses the principles, technical architecture, and development history of satellite navigation signal authentication, and proposes a BDS authentication service system architecture to support its future development.