Improved anti-diabetic and anticancer activities of green synthesized CuO nanoparticles derived from Tabernaemontana divaricate leaf extract

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are among the most commonly employed nanoparticle materials owing to their antibacterial qualities, although their primary mechanism of action (MOA) is still not completely understood. CuO NPs are synthesized in this study using leaf extract of Tabernaemontana divaricate (TDCO3), and they are then analyzed using XRD, FT-IR, SEM, and EDX analysis. The zone of inhibition of TDCO3 NPs against both gram-positive (G(+)) B. subtilis and gram-negative (G(-)) K. pneumoniae bacteria was 34 mm and 33 mm, respectively. Furthermore, Cu2+/Cu+ ions promote reactive oxygen species and electrostatically bind with the negatively charged teichoic acid in the bacterial cell wall. The anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetics analysis was conducted using standard BSA denaturation and alpha-amylase inhibition technique with cell inhibition values of 85.66 and 81.18% for TDCO3 NPs. Additionally, the TDCO3 NPs delivered prominent anticancer activity with the lowest IC50 value 18.2 mu g/mL in the MTT assay technique against HeLa cancer cells.

Automated summary

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) synthesized using Tabernaemontana divaricate leaf extract were characterized using XRD, FT-IR, SEM, and EDX analysis. TDCO3 NPs exhibited strong antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and they also showed anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anticancer properties.