Comparison of the synthesis of s, p, d, and f block simple oxides of MgO, SnO2, NiO, and CeO2 nanostructured materials

The s, p, d, and f block simple oxides of MgO, SnO2, NiO, and CeO2 materials were synthesized by precipitation method and compared in this article. The tetragonal SnO2 and cubic CeO2 phases form in a single-step synthesis process. On the other hand, upon annealing (500 degrees C/3h), the as-prepared trigonal (P-3 m1 (164)) Mg(OH)2 and Ni(OH)2 phase materials transform into cubic (Fm-3 m (22 5)) oxides of MgO and NiO. The difference in the ionic radii of these ions (Mg2+, Sn4+, Ni2+, and Ce4+) is significantly reflected in the variation in the refined lattice parameters. The nanostructured as-prepared materials (SnO2 and CeO2) obtained in a single-step process show the crystalline size (average) of 2 nm. Conversely, the samples of MgO and NiO phases obtained through annealing show 13.76 nm and 21.44 nm, respectively. The as-prepared materials show the weight loss of 33.3%, 31.7%, 15.4%, and 16.1% at the end temperature (1000 degrees C) for the Mg(OH)2, Ni(OH)2, SnO2, and CeO2 phases, respectively. The different FTIR bands are seen between the wavenumber 4000 and 400 cm-1 for the present series samples.

Automated summary

The s, p, d, and f block simple oxides of MgO, SnO2, NiO, and CeO2 materials were synthesized by precipitation method and compared in this article. The tetragonal SnO2 and cubic CeO2 phases form in a single-step synthesis process. The as-prepared trigonal (P-3 m1 (164)) Mg(OH)2 and Ni(OH)2 phase materials transform into cubic (Fm-3 m (22 5)) oxides of MgO and NiO upon annealing, with a significant variation in the refined lattice parameters. The nanocrystalline SnO2 and CeO2 materials obtained in a single-step process have an average crystalline size of 2 nm, while the MgO and NiO phases obtained through annealing have sizes of 13.76 nm and 21.44 nm, respectively. The different FTIR bands are observed between the wavenumber 4000 and 400 cm-1 for the samples in this series.