SIRT1 Inhibits High Glucose-Induced TXNIP/NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Cataract Formation

the glucose-induced PURPOSE. To determine whether SIRT1 regulates high glucose (HG)-induced inflammation and cataract formation through modulating TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) and rat lenses. METHODS. HG stress from 25 to 150 mM was imposed on HLECs, with treatments using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting NLRP3, TXNIP, and SIRT1, as well as a lentivi-ral vector (LV) for SIRT1. Rat lenses were cultivated with HG media, with or without the addition of NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 or SIRT1 agonist SRT1720. High mannitol groups were applied as the osmotic controls. Real-time PCR, Western blots, and immunofluo-rescent staining evaluated the mRNA and protein levels of SIRT1, TXNIP, NLRP3, ASC, and IL-1/3. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cell viability, and death were also assessed.RESULTS. HG stress induced a decline in SIRT1 expression and caused TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome activation in a concentration-dependent manner in HLECs, which was not observed in the high mannitol-treated groups. Knocking down NLRP3 or TXNIP inhib-ited NLRP3 inflammasome-induced IL-1/3 p17 secretion under HG stress. Transfections of si-SIRT1 and LV-SIRT1 exerted inverse effects on NLRP3 inflammasome activation, suggesting that SIRT1 acts as an upstream regulator of TXNIP/NLRP3 activity. HG stress induced lens opacity and cataract formation in cultivated rat lenses, which was prevented by MCC950 or SRT1720 treatment, with concomitant reductions in ROS production and TXNIP/NLRP3/IL-1/3 expression levels.CONCLUSIONS. The TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway promotes HG-induced inflam-mation and HLEC pyroptosis, which is negatively regulated by SIRT1. This suggests viable strategies for treating diabetic cataract.

Automated summary

The study investigates whether SIRT1 regulates high glucose-induced inflammation and cataract formation by modulating TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) and rat lenses. HG stress induces a decline in SIRT1 expression and activates the TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome in HLECs, leading to lens opacity and cataract formation. Knocking down NLRP3 or TXNIP inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation, indicating that SIRT1 acts as an upstream regulator of TXNIP/NLRP3 activity.