Mechanical structure of a spin-1 particle

We investigate the mechanical structure of a spin-1 particle. Introducing three different frameworks, i.e., the three-dimensional (3D) Breit frame, the two-dimensional (2D) Breit frame , the 2D infinite momentum frame (equivalently the two-dimensional Drell-Yan frame), we scrutinize the 2D , 3D energy -momentum tensor (EMT) distributions in these frames. We first derive the EMT distributions in the 2D Breit frame by performing the Abel transformation. The mass distribution in the 2D Breit frame contains an additional monopole contribution induced geometrically. The pressure distribution in the 2D Breit frame also gets an induced monopole structure. When the Lorentz boost is carried out, the mass distribution in the 2D infinite-momentum frame acquires the induced dipole term. Similarly, we also have the induced dipole contributions to the pressure and shear-force densities. We visualize the 2D mass distributions when the spin -1 particle is polarized along the x- and z-axes. We observe that the 2D mass distribution in the infinite momentum frame exhibit clearly the induced dipole structure when the spin-1 particle is polarized along the x-axis. We also discuss the strong force fields inside a polarized spin-1 particle.

Automated summary

We investigate the mechanical structure of a spin-1 particle and analyze the energy-momentum tensor distributions in different frameworks. In the 2D Breit frame, the mass and pressure distributions have additional monopole contributions induced geometrically. The 2D infinite-momentum frame exhibits induced dipole contributions to the mass, pressure, and shear-force densities, which can be visualized when the spin-1 particle is polarized along the x-axis.