Twelve-membered ring photoswitches with excellent Z → E conversion under ambient light

Incorporation of azobenzenes into macrocycles is an intriguing approach for fine tuning the photophysical properties of these photoswitches and tailoring them to specific applications. A versatile synthesis of macrocyclic azobenzenes has been developed that allows for facile modification of these photoswitches. One example shows high chemical stability, long half-life of its Z-isomers, quantitative Z -> E conversion under white light, and excellent separation of excitation bands to address either the E or Z-state selectively. The near quantitative Z -> E conversion under white light is a unique feature with an important impact on applications, in which the configuration under ambient light needs to be close to 100%.

Automated summary

Incorporating azobenzenes into macrocycles is an interesting method for adjusting the photophysical properties and customizing them for specific applications. A versatile synthesis method has been developed, enabling easy modification of these photoswitches. One example exhibits high chemical stability, long half-life of its Z-isomers, near quantitative Z -> E conversion under white light, and excellent separation of excitation bands to selectively address the E or Z state.