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Article
Microbiology
Yang Yang et al.
Summary: Understanding the dynamics of neutralizing antibody responses in COVID-19 convalescents is crucial for controlling the pandemic and guiding vaccination strategies. This study showed that neutralizing antibody titers in COVID-19 convalescents peaked around 120 days after illness onset and subsequently declined, but detectable levels of antibodies were still present in most convalescents after 400-480 days.
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qian Wang et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5 have become dominant in the United States and South Africa, raising concerns about their ability to evade neutralizing antibodies and compromise the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutic monoclonals. A systematic antigenic analysis reveals that BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5 have different levels of resistance to antibodies, with BA.2.12.1 being modestly resistant and BA.4/5 being substantially resistant. Certain mutations in the spike protein facilitate antibody escape, but compromise the spike affinity for the viral receptor. Only bebtelovimab retains full potency against both subvariants.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yunlong Cao et al.
Summary: Omicron sublineages BA.2.12.1, BA.4 and BA.5 have higher transmissibility and increased evasion of neutralizing antibodies compared to the BA.2 lineage. They exhibit similar binding affinities to the ACE2 receptor as BA.2. BA.1 infection after vaccination boosts humoral immune memory against wild-type SARS-CoV-2, but these antibodies are largely evaded by BA.2 and BA.4/BA.5 variants.
Review
Virology
Lok Bahadur Shrestha et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is a major public health concern due to its high infectivity and antibody evasion. It has rapidly become the dominant variant worldwide and has evolved through several variants. The evolution of Omicron is thought to be influenced by zoonotic spillage, infection in immunocompromised individuals, and undiagnosed spread in the community. Current research suggests that Omicron is more infectious than the original Wuhan-Hu-1 and Delta variants, but less severe in terms of its impact on lung tissue. Vaccines have shown reduced effectiveness against Omicron, but booster shots can improve efficacy. Broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies have limited effectiveness against Omicron, with some exceptions. New variants, such as BA.4 and BA.5, are emerging and are reported to be more transmissible and resistant to immunity generated by previous variants and monoclonal antibodies.
REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Izumi Kimura et al.
Summary: After the global spread of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2, several BA.2 subvariants, including BA.2.9.1, BA.2.11, BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5, emerged in multiple countries. Statistical analysis showed that these BA.2 subvariants have higher effective reproduction numbers than the original BA.2. Neutralization experiments revealed that the immunity induced by BA.1/2 infections is less effective against BA.4/5. Cell culture experiments demonstrated that BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5 replicate more efficiently in human alveolar epithelial cells than BA.2, with BA.4/5 being more fusogenic. The study also provided the structure of the BA.4/5 spike receptor-binding domain and investigated the substitutions in the BA.4/5 spike that play a role in ACE2 binding and immune evasion. Additionally, experiments using hamsters suggested that BA.4/5 is more pathogenic than BA.2. The multiscale investigations suggest that the risk of BA.2 subvariants, particularly BA.4/5, to global health is greater than that of the original BA.2.
