Effective model for pure Yang-Mills theory on T2? R2 with Polyakov loops

We investigate the phase diagram and thermodynamics of SU(N) pure Yang-Mills theory on a manifold T2 x R2 with an effective model that includes two Polyakov loops along two compactified directions. We find that a rich phase structure can appear owing to the spontaneous breaking of two center symmetries for N = 2 and 3. Thermodynamic quantities are obtained in the model and compared with recent lattice results. It is shown that two Polyakov loops play significant roles in thermodynamics on T2 x R2.

Automated summary

In this study, we investigate the phase diagram and thermodynamics of SU(N) pure Yang-Mills theory on a manifold T2 x R2 using an effective model that includes two Polyakov loops along two compactified directions. It is found that a rich phase structure can appear due to the spontaneous breaking of two center symmetries for N = 2 and 3. Thermodynamic quantities are obtained in the model and compared with recent lattice results, showing that the two Polyakov loops play significant roles in the thermodynamics on T2 x R2.