Recent Advancement of PD-L1 Detection Technologies and Clinical Applications in the Era of Precision Cancer Therapy

Programmed death-1 is a protein found on the surface of immune cells that can interact with its ligand, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), which is expressed on the plasma membrane, the surface of secreted cellular exosomes, in cell nuclei, or as a circulating soluble protein. This interaction can lead to immune escape in cancer patients. In clinical settings, PD-L1 plays an important role in tumor disease diagnosis, determining therapeutic effectiveness, and predicting patient prognosis. PD-L1 inhibitors are also essential components of tumor immunotherapy. Thus, the detection of PD-L1 levels is crucial, especially in the era of precision cancer therapy. In recent years, innovations have been made in traditional immunoassay methods and the development of new immunoassays for PD-L1 detection. This review aims to summarize recent research progress in tumor PD-L1 detection technology and highlight the clinical applications of PD-L1.

Automated summary

Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is a protein on immune cells that interacts with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), expressed on various cellular locations. This interaction may lead to immune evasion in cancer patients. PD-L1 plays a crucial role in cancer diagnosis, therapeutic effectiveness, and patient prognosis, and PD-L1 inhibitors are essential in tumor immunotherapy. Recent advancements in PD-L1 detection methods have been made, and this review summarizes the progress in tumor PD-L1 detection technology and its clinical applications.