期刊
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
卷 6, 期 14, 页码 5043-5056出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2258
关键词
Ecosystem functioning; global change; Indonesia; marine and estuarine mangroves; nitrogen; phosphorus; soil organic carbon; stable isotopes
资金
- Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [03F0644]
Mangroves play an important role in carbon sequestration, but soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks differ between marine and estuarine mangroves, suggesting differing processes and drivers of SOC accumulation. Here, we compared undegraded and degraded marine and estuarine mangroves in a regional approach across the Indonesian archipelago for their SOC stocks and evaluated possible drivers imposed by nutrient limitations along the land-to-sea gradients. SOC stocks in natural marine mangroves (271-572Mgha(-1)m(-1)) were much higher than under estuarine mangroves (100-315Mgha(-1)m(-1)) with a further decrease caused by degradation to 80-132Mgha(-1)m(-1). Soils differed in C/N ratio (marine: 29-64; estuarine: 9-28), N-15 (marine: -0.6 to 0.7 parts per thousand; estuarine: 2.5 to 7.2 parts per thousand), and plant-available P (marine: 2.3-6.3mgkg(-1); estuarine: 0.16-1.8mgkg(-1)). We found N and P supply of sea-oriented mangroves primarily met by dominating symbiotic N-2 fixation from air and P import from sea, while mangroves on the landward gradient increasingly covered their demand in N and P from allochthonous sources and SOM recycling. Pioneer plants favored by degradation further increased nutrient recycling from soil resulting in smaller SOC stocks in the topsoil. These processes explained the differences in SOC stocks along the land-to-sea gradient in each mangrove type as well as the SOC stock differences observed between estuarine and marine mangrove ecosystems. This first large-scale evaluation of drivers of SOC stocks under mangroves thus suggests a continuum in mangrove functioning across scales and ecotypes and additionally provides viable proxies for carbon stock estimations in PES or REDD schemes.
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